【摘要】：柴油加氫精制裝置為煉油深加工裝置,生產(chǎn)過程為原料柴油與氫氣在催化劑的作用下經(jīng)過高溫高壓加氫精制反應(yīng),生產(chǎn)出符合環(huán)保要求的清潔柴油。本文以國內(nèi)最大規(guī)模處理量的350萬噸／年柴油加氫精制裝置為例,結(jié)合其他相關(guān)的設(shè)計項目,介紹大型柴油加氫精制裝置的自控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。本文對柴油加氫精制工藝流程進(jìn)行描述,從反應(yīng)工藝、分餾工藝流程描述入手,對裝置的工藝現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)分析,為自控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計提供基礎(chǔ)資料。本文從裝置大型化的角度研究柴油加氫精制裝置反應(yīng)部分儀表選型的改進(jìn)和控制室的設(shè)計。反應(yīng)部分儀表選型改進(jìn)包括反應(yīng)器床層溫度測量儀表、反應(yīng)器壁溫測量儀表、反應(yīng)進(jìn)料泵出口管線流量測量儀表、熱高壓分離器油相出口管線調(diào)節(jié)閥、反應(yīng)部分高壓切斷閥。大型石油化工裝置設(shè)計采用中心控制室和現(xiàn)場機(jī)柜間分離設(shè)置的方案,本文主要論述中心控制室在位置選擇、操作臺布置、機(jī)柜間布置、采光照明、暖通空調(diào)、電信、消防、人體工程學(xué)設(shè)計及現(xiàn)場機(jī)柜間的設(shè)計注意事項。本文論述柴油加氫精制裝置的主要控制方案和安全聯(lián)鎖方案。主要控制方案包括原料油緩沖罐壓力控制、原料油緩沖罐液位控制、反應(yīng)器床層溫度控制、反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)壓力控制、高壓分離器液位控制等內(nèi)容。在安全聯(lián)鎖方面論述裝置緊急泄壓、反應(yīng)進(jìn)料加熱爐聯(lián)鎖、熱／冷高壓分離器液位低低聯(lián)鎖、循環(huán)氫入口分液罐液位高高聯(lián)鎖、壓縮機(jī)進(jìn)料泵自身聯(lián)鎖。本文介紹柴油加氫精制裝置的分散型控制系統(tǒng)和安全儀表系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。本裝置控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)置原則為分散控制、集中操作、集中管理,裝置控制系統(tǒng)采用DCS分散控制系統(tǒng)；根據(jù)加氫裝置反應(yīng)壓力高、溫度高、反應(yīng)劇烈的特點(diǎn),設(shè)置獨(dú)立于DCS分散控制系統(tǒng)的SIS安全儀表系統(tǒng)。本文從千萬噸煉油廠的分散型控制系統(tǒng)和安全儀表系統(tǒng)的框架結(jié)構(gòu)入手,論述各系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計原則、系統(tǒng)配置和設(shè)計要求。
[Abstract]:Diesel oil hydrofining unit is a deep processing unit for oil refining. In the production process, clean diesel oil is produced by the reaction of diesel oil and hydrogen under the action of catalyst at high temperature and high pressure to produce clean diesel oil which meets the requirements of environmental protection. Taking the 3.5 million t / a diesel hydrofining unit with the largest treatment capacity in China as an example, combined with other related design projects, this paper introduces the design of the automatic control system of the large diesel hydrofining unit. In this paper, the hydrofining process of diesel oil is described. Starting with the description of reaction process and fractionation process, the basic analysis of the process status of the unit is carried out, which provides the basic data for the design of the automatic control system. In this paper, the improvement of instrument selection and the design of control room for reaction part of diesel hydrofining unit are studied from the point of view of large scale diesel oil hydrofining unit. The selection and improvement of reaction instruments include reactor bed temperature measuring instrument, reactor wall temperature measuring instrument, reaction feed pump outlet pipeline flow measuring instrument, heat and high pressure separator oil phase pipeline regulating valve, reaction part high pressure cut off valve. The design of large petrochemical plant adopts the scheme of separating the central control room from the field cabinet. This paper mainly discusses the central control room in position selection, operation table layout, cabinet layout, lighting, HVAC, telecommunication, fire control, Ergonomics design and the design of the field cabinet points for attention. The main control scheme and safety interlocking scheme of diesel hydrofining unit are discussed in this paper. The main control schemes include feedstock buffer tank pressure control, feedstock buffer tank level control, reactor bed temperature control, reaction system pressure control, high pressure separator level control and so on. In the aspect of safety interlocking, emergency pressure relief, reaction feed furnace interlock, low and low liquid level interlock in hot / cold high pressure separator, high liquid level interlock in circulating hydrogen inlet liquid separating tank, interlocking of compressor feed pump itself are discussed. This paper introduces the design of distributed control system and safety instrument system for diesel hydrofining unit. The set principle of the control system of the device is decentralized control, centralized operation, centralized management, and the device control system adopts DCS decentralized control system; According to the characteristics of high reaction pressure, high temperature and intense reaction in hydrogenation unit, a SIS safety instrument system independent of DCS decentralized control system is set up. In this paper, the design principles, system configuration and design requirements of the decentralized control system and the safety instrument system of the ten million ton refinery are discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE96;TP273

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本文編號：2304621