【摘要】：慶哈輸油管道新線主要承擔(dān)大慶和俄羅斯混合原油的輸送任務(wù),管道全長(zhǎng)199.73km,管徑φ377×6.3mm,管中心埋深1.5m,設(shè)計(jì)年輸量200~300萬(wàn)噸。目前,由于處于生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行初期,新線的調(diào)度方案主要依據(jù)老線運(yùn)行方案,憑調(diào)度人員的主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn)制定,但由于管道本體結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生較大改變,導(dǎo)致所制定的方案難以適應(yīng)新線的管輸特性,管輸能耗大幅度升高。因此,有必要針對(duì)慶哈輸油管道新線的實(shí)際運(yùn)行工藝特點(diǎn),對(duì)管道的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行方案進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,從而降低輸油管道的運(yùn)行能耗、減少管道運(yùn)營(yíng)成本,具體開展了以下研究工作:首先,對(duì)大慶和俄羅斯混合原油的凝點(diǎn)和粘度等基礎(chǔ)物性參數(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)試,在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用反算-插值法確定管道全線各管段在全年不同月份下的總傳熱系數(shù),由此可使管道各管段溫降計(jì)算的平均相對(duì)誤差控制在5%以內(nèi)。根據(jù)管道實(shí)際運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)管輸過(guò)程的Re范圍進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),建立了管道水力摩阻系數(shù)修正模型,通過(guò)修正可使管道各段水力計(jì)算的平均誤差分別由17.46%降低到5.7%,26.23%降低到8.6%,22.51%降低到6.3%。其次,以管道出站溫度的最高限定值和進(jìn)站溫度最低限定值為臨界條件,對(duì)慶-俄油混合輸送條件下慶哈輸油管道全年不同月份的熱力最小安全輸量進(jìn)行計(jì)算;考慮管道實(shí)際水力特性,以避免進(jìn)入不穩(wěn)定工作區(qū)為判別標(biāo)準(zhǔn),計(jì)算得到管道工作特性允許的最小安全輸量。綜合考慮兩者,確定了慶哈輸油管道輸送不同比例混合原油時(shí)全年不同月份的最小安全輸量。以慶哈輸油管道全線各站的總能耗費(fèi)用最小為目標(biāo),管道任務(wù)輸量、輸油泵和加熱爐等設(shè)備的工作特性及管道安全輸油溫度、壓力界限為約束條件,以一定調(diào)度時(shí)間內(nèi)不同比例混合原油的輸油時(shí)間和輸量、輸油泵、加熱爐等設(shè)備的組合方案和輸油溫度、壓力等為決策變量,建立了慶哈輸油管道生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行方案優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)建模,綜合運(yùn)用蟻群算法,罰函數(shù)法等對(duì)優(yōu)化模型進(jìn)行求解。最后,基于Visual Studio程序開發(fā)平臺(tái),Microsoft Access數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開發(fā)工具,在理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上,編制了慶哈輸油管道安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行方案輔助決策軟件。應(yīng)用該軟件給出了全年不同季節(jié)、不同輸量下慶哈輸油管道的優(yōu)化運(yùn)行方案。
[Abstract]:The new line of Qinghai-Kazakh oil pipeline is mainly responsible for the transportation of crude oil mixed with Daqing and Russia. The pipeline is 199.73km in length, 蠁 377 脳 6.3mm in diameter, 1.5 m deep in the pipe center, and the designed annual transportation capacity is 200 ~ 3 million tons. At present, due to being in the early stage of production, the scheduling scheme of the new line is mainly based on the operation plan of the old line and is made by the subjective experience of the dispatcher, but the structure of the pipeline body has changed greatly. As a result, the proposed scheme is difficult to adapt to the pipeline characteristics of the new line, and the energy consumption of the pipeline is greatly increased. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the production and operation of the pipeline according to the actual operation process characteristics of the new line of Qinghai-Harbin oil pipeline, so as to reduce the energy consumption and the operating cost of the pipeline. The following research work has been carried out: firstly, the basic physical property parameters such as freezing point and viscosity of Daqing and Russian mixed crude oil have been tested, and on this basis, By using inverse calculation and interpolation method, the total heat transfer coefficient of each section of pipeline in different months of the year can be determined, thus the average relative error of temperature drop calculation for each section of pipeline can be controlled within 5%. According to the actual operation data of pipeline, the Re range of pipeline transportation process is counted, and the revised model of hydraulic friction coefficient of pipeline is established. The average error of hydraulic calculation in each section of pipeline can be reduced from 17.46% to 5.7% 26.23% to 8.6% 22.51% to 6.3% respectively. Secondly, taking the maximum limit value of outlet temperature and the lowest limit value of incoming station temperature as the critical condition, the minimum safe thermal transport quantity of Qinggha oil pipeline in different months of the year is calculated under the condition of mixed transportation of Qinghua-Russia oil. Considering the actual hydraulic characteristics of the pipeline and avoiding entering the unstable work area as the criterion, the minimum safe quantity of pipeline working characteristics is calculated. Considering the two factors, the minimum safe quantity of crude oil transported by Qinghai-Kazakh oil pipeline in different months of the year is determined. Taking the minimum total energy consumption cost of all stations of Qinghai-Harbin oil pipeline as the target, the pipeline task capacity, the working characteristics of the equipment such as oil pump and heating furnace, and the safe oil transportation temperature and pressure limit of the pipeline are taken as the constraint conditions. Taking the oil transportation time and quantity of mixed crude oil of different proportion, the combination scheme of oil transportation pump, heating furnace and oil transportation temperature and pressure as decision variables, the optimal mathematical model of production and operation plan of Qingha oil pipeline is established. Ant colony algorithm and penalty function are used to solve the optimization model. Finally, based on the Visual Studio programming platform, Microsoft Access database development tool, based on the theoretical research, the auxiliary decision software for the safe and economic operation scheme of Qinghai-Harbin oil pipeline is developed. By using this software, the optimal operation scheme of Qingha oil pipeline in different seasons and different volumes is given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE88

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