【摘要】：美國(guó)憑借頁(yè)巖氣的井噴式發(fā)展,超越俄羅斯成為了世界第一大天然氣生產(chǎn)國(guó)。我國(guó)頁(yè)巖氣藏的儲(chǔ)量與美國(guó)相當(dāng),具有巨大的開(kāi)發(fā)潛力,但是與美國(guó)相比,我國(guó)頁(yè)巖氣儲(chǔ)層具有埋藏深、壓力大的特點(diǎn),在開(kāi)發(fā)前中期,解吸氣量很少,不足以對(duì)氣井產(chǎn)能形成有效的補(bǔ)充。因此,需要建立一套符合我國(guó)的儲(chǔ)層特點(diǎn)的頁(yè)巖氣井產(chǎn)能分析和預(yù)測(cè)方法,研究頁(yè)巖氣井的合理生產(chǎn)參數(shù)及產(chǎn)能影響因素,指導(dǎo)頁(yè)巖氣藏高效開(kāi)發(fā)。 本文在調(diào)研了國(guó)內(nèi)外大量相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,分析研究了頁(yè)巖氣的儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)移和產(chǎn)出機(jī)理,文獻(xiàn)相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示出,在頁(yè)巖氣基質(zhì)滲流中,除孔隙中的游離解吸氣之外,還存在天然氣由干酪根擴(kuò)散進(jìn)入基質(zhì)孔隙的運(yùn)移過(guò)程。在研究以上滲流機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合Langmuir等溫吸附定律及Fick擴(kuò)散定律,推導(dǎo)了包含游離氣滲流、吸附氣解吸、干酪根擴(kuò)散的頁(yè)巖氣滲流微分方程,并根據(jù)頁(yè)巖氣井需要進(jìn)行大型水力壓裂的特點(diǎn),建立了矩形封閉氣藏水平井多段壓裂的非穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流模型。運(yùn)用Laplace變換對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解后,編制了產(chǎn)量擬合及預(yù)測(cè)程序,對(duì)長(zhǎng)寧-威遠(yuǎn)示范區(qū)內(nèi)的頁(yè)巖氣井生產(chǎn)狀況進(jìn)行擬合,結(jié)果表明,該模型能夠很好的反映示范區(qū)內(nèi)氣井的生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn),適用性較好。最后,根據(jù)擬合求得的物性參數(shù)場(chǎng),對(duì)不同配產(chǎn),水平段長(zhǎng)度,壓裂段數(shù)及井距,排距下的頁(yè)巖氣井生產(chǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。結(jié)果表明,若想快速、高效開(kāi)發(fā)頁(yè)巖氣藏,對(duì)于正常壓力系統(tǒng),合理配產(chǎn)量為初期無(wú)阻流量的1/2；對(duì)于異常高壓系統(tǒng),合理配產(chǎn)量為初期無(wú)阻流量的1/4。在現(xiàn)有的工藝技術(shù)條件下,認(rèn)為頁(yè)巖氣井的水平段長(zhǎng)度1000m～1200m,壓裂段數(shù)10～12段,井距300m,排距1800m為宜。
[Abstract]:With shale gas blowout, the United States overtook Russia as the world's largest gas producer. The reserves of shale gas reservoirs in China are comparable to those in the United States and have great potential for development. However, compared with the United States, the shale gas reservoirs in China are characterized by deep burial and high pressure. It is not sufficient to form an effective supplement to gas well productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a set of productivity analysis and prediction methods for shale gas wells in accordance with the reservoir characteristics in China, to study the reasonable production parameters and productivity influencing factors of shale gas wells, and to guide the efficient development of shale gas reservoirs. Based on the investigation of a large number of related literatures at home and abroad, the mechanism of shale gas storage, migration and production is analyzed and studied. The experimental results show that in shale gas matrix percolation, except for the suction of free solution in pores, There is also a migration process of natural gas from kerogen diffusion to matrix pores. On the basis of studying the above seepage mechanism, combined with Langmuir isothermal adsorption law and Fick diffusion law, the differential equation of shale gas percolation including free gas seepage, adsorption gas desorption and kerogen diffusion is derived. According to the characteristics of large hydraulic fracturing in shale gas wells, the unsteady flow model of horizontal well fracturing in rectangular sealed gas reservoir is established. After solving the model by Laplace transform, the production fitting and forecasting program is compiled, and the production condition of shale gas well in Changning-Weiyuan demonstration area is fitted. The result shows that, The model can well reflect the production characteristics of gas wells in the demonstration area, and its applicability is good. Finally, according to the physical property parameter field obtained by fitting, the production performance of shale gas wells with different production ratio, horizontal segment length, fracturing section number and well spacing are predicted. The results show that if the shale gas reservoir is to be developed quickly and efficiently, the reasonable distribution of output is 1 / 2 of the initial unhindered flow rate for the normal pressure system and 1 / 4 of the initial unobstructed flow rate for the abnormal high pressure system. Under the existing technological conditions, it is considered that the length of horizontal section of shale gas well is 1000m ~ 1200m, the number of fracturing section is 10 ~ 12 section, the well spacing is 300m and the spacing is 1800m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE312

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