【摘要】：儲層出砂在射孔炮眼附近形成空洞,空洞的形成改變了射孔段套管的載荷,加劇了射孔段套管的應(yīng)力集中以及射孔段套管所受外擠載荷的非均勻性。隨著空洞持續(xù)擴(kuò)大和儲層壓實(shí)作用,射孔段套管將承受軸向壓力作用,并出現(xiàn)軸向失穩(wěn)彎曲,加大了射孔段套管毀壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。為此,本文主要考慮儲層少量出砂、大量出砂及套管外部形成空洞的不同形態(tài),分析了射孔段套管的載荷和強(qiáng)度安全性。首先,簡要分析儲層出砂壓實(shí)機(jī)理、儲層出砂壓實(shí)引起套管損壞機(jī)理和出砂壓實(shí)段射孔套管的空洞形態(tài)。隨后,通過分析儲層出砂壓實(shí)對套管軸向力的影響,考慮不同出砂程度在套管外圍形成空洞的大小、形狀,分別建立套管出砂形成空洞的三維有限元力學(xué)分析模型,考慮軸向壓力、內(nèi)壓和外壓對套管的聯(lián)合作用,考慮不同出砂程度有限元模型的加載面積與形式,得出不同空洞大小、不同出砂程度和出砂分布對射孔段套管強(qiáng)度安全性的影響;得出不同生產(chǎn)壓差及改造壓力與射孔參數(shù)和射孔套管等效應(yīng)力間的關(guān)系,并確定出砂壓實(shí)段射孔套管的臨界壓差。為了直接求得套管的抗擠強(qiáng)度,將未射孔套管作為軸對稱的圓柱殼體,將射孔套管孔邊應(yīng)力求解作為無限大圓柱殼體的孔口問題,運(yùn)用板殼理論分析了彎矩和壓差作用下未射孔套管抗擠強(qiáng)度計(jì)算公式和射孔套管孔邊應(yīng)力分布公式,并用有限元分析進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,得到壓差作用下套管孔邊應(yīng)力理論解和有限元解很吻合,誤差僅在1.12%以內(nèi)。分析表明本文給出的未射孔套管抗擠強(qiáng)度分析計(jì)算公式和射孔套管孔邊應(yīng)力分布計(jì)算公式可以輔助工程研究。
[Abstract]:The formation of voids in reservoir sand production near perforating holes changes the casing load of perforation section and intensifies the stress concentration of perforated casing and the inhomogeneity of external squeezing load on perforated casing. With the continuous expansion of the cavity and the compaction of the reservoir, the casing of perforated section will bear axial pressure and appear axial buckling, which increases the risk of casing destruction in perforating section. Therefore, this paper mainly considers the different forms of reservoir sand production, a large amount of sand production and the formation of cavity outside the casing, and analyzes the load and strength safety of perforated casing. Firstly, the mechanism of sand production compaction in reservoir, the mechanism of casing damage caused by sand production compaction and the cavity form of perforated casing in sand producing compaction section are briefly analyzed. Then, by analyzing the influence of sand production compaction on casing axial force, considering the size and shape of the cavity formed outside the casing with different sand production degree, the three-dimensional finite element mechanical analysis model of casing sand producing cavity is established respectively. Considering the combined action of axial pressure, internal pressure and external pressure on casing, considering the loading area and form of finite element model with different sand production degree, different cavity sizes are obtained. The influence of different sand production degree and sand distribution on casing strength safety of perforating section is obtained, the relationship between different production pressure difference and revamping pressure and perforating parameters and equivalent stress of perforating casing is obtained, and the critical pressure difference of perforating casing in sand compaction section is determined. In order to obtain the anti-extrusion strength of the casing directly, the unperforated casing is regarded as the axisymmetric cylindrical shell, and the perforating casing hole edge stress is solved as the orifice problem of the infinite cylindrical shell. Based on the theory of plate and shell, the formulas for calculating the anti-squeezing strength of unperforated casing under the action of bending moment and pressure difference and the stress distribution formula for perforating casing edge are analyzed and verified by finite element analysis. The theoretical solution of casing hole edge stress under pressure difference is in good agreement with the finite element solution, and the error is within 1.12%. The analysis shows that the calculation formula of anti-extrusion strength of unperforated casing and the stress distribution formula of perforated casing edge can be used to assist engineering research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE931.2

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