【摘要】：水力壓裂技術(shù)作為石油天然氣行業(yè)一種有效增產(chǎn)措施,已成為關(guān)我國能源發(fā)展亟待解決的重要技術(shù)之一,而支撐劑是其成功應用于油氣開采的關(guān)鍵因素。性能優(yōu)異的支撐劑不僅能提高油氣井的產(chǎn)量還能延長油氣井的使用壽命,因此研制出高質(zhì)量的支撐劑具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實意義。目前關(guān)于高強度壓裂支撐劑的研究多以優(yōu)質(zhì)鋁礬土(鋁含量大于75%)為原料,對低鋁含量鋁土礦的利用有限。為擴大較低鋁含量鋁土礦的應用范圍,生產(chǎn)出高附加值產(chǎn)品,本文以鋁含量67.48%的鋁礬土(屬于二級鋁礬土CLK-65,GB/T 24483-2009)為主要原料,摻雜一定量的錳礦粉,制備出了符合工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的耐高壓陶粒支撐劑;此外,為降低密度,制備出符合非常規(guī)低滲透油氣藏水力壓裂要求的支撐劑,本文先以二級鋁礬土和鉀長石為原料,摻雜一定量的白云石,制備出了剛玉-莫來石質(zhì)低密度高強度陶粒支撐劑。又選用高嶺石質(zhì)煤矸石為原料,V_2O_5為添加劑,研究了添加劑對支撐劑性能的影響,并在此基礎(chǔ)上制備出了莫來石晶須增強型低密度陶粒支撐劑。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)以二級鋁礬土為主要原料制備陶粒壓裂支撐劑,燒結(jié)溫度較高,當煅燒溫度為1500℃時,破碎率才能降到9%以下。因此單獨以鋁礬土生料很難在較低溫度下(小于1400℃)燒制出破碎等級為7.5K級(52MPa閉合壓力下破碎率小于9%)的支撐劑。(2)錳礦粉的摻雜可以降低鋁礬土基陶粒支撐劑的燒結(jié)溫度,也能提高試樣的體積密度,改善樣品的強度。當錳礦粉摻雜量為3wt%時制備出性能最佳的陶粒支撐劑樣品:1350~1450℃燒制出的陶粒支撐劑樣品的破碎等級都達到7.5K級;1400℃燒成的樣品52 MPa閉合壓力下破碎率最低,為3.7%。(3)對鋁土礦生料進行輕燒預處理可以改善陶粒支撐劑樣品的性能。當鋁礬土生料與輕燒鋁礬土比例為1:4時,燒制出性能最優(yōu)的陶粒支撐劑樣品。1300~1500℃溫度范圍內(nèi)破碎等級達到7.5K,與鋁礬土生料制備的陶粒支撐劑樣品相比(1350~1500℃),燒結(jié)范圍變寬,不僅降低燃料花費,而且工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程也容易控制。(4)鉀長石的加入可以降低對原料中鋁含量的要求,支撐劑樣品的密度也隨之降低;適量的白云石的加入能在基體中形成較多的剛玉相和莫來石相,提高了強度;當白云石添加量為2wt%,燒成溫度為1340℃時,試樣的性能最佳:體積密度1.31 g/cm3,視密度2.62 g/cm3,破碎率4.20%。(5)以高嶺石質(zhì)煤矸石為主要原料,摻雜V_2O_5,于1400℃下燒制出莫來石晶須增強的陶粒支撐劑;隨著V_2O_5的加入,支撐劑樣品的主晶相莫來石逐漸生長形成莫來石晶須;當V_2O_5添加量為1wt%時,試樣的性能最佳:體積密度1.25 g/cm3,視密度2.69 g/cm3,52MPa閉合壓力下的破碎率5.18%。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic fracturing technology, as an effective measure to increase production in petroleum and natural gas industry, has become one of the most important technologies for energy development in China, and proppant is the key factor for its successful application in oil and gas production. The proppant with excellent performance can not only increase the production of oil and gas wells but also prolong the service life of oil and gas wells, so it is of great practical significance to develop high quality proppant. At present, the research of high strength fracturing proppant is mostly based on high quality bauxite (aluminum content is more than 75%), and the utilization of low aluminum content bauxite is limited. In order to expand the scope of application of bauxite with lower aluminum content and produce high value-added products, bauxite with 67.48% Al content (belonging to CLK-65,GB/T 24483-2009) was used as the main raw material, and a certain amount of manganese ore powder was doped. In addition, in order to reduce the density and prepare the proppant to meet the requirements of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional low permeability reservoirs, the second order bauxite and potassium feldspar are used as raw materials. Corundum-mullite low density and high strength ceramsite proppant was prepared by doping a certain amount of dolomite. Using kaolinite gangue as raw material V _ 2O _ 5 as additive, the effect of additive on the properties of proppant was studied, and on this basis, mullite whisker enhanced low-density ceramsite proppant was prepared. The results show that: (1) with bauxite as the main raw material, when the sintering temperature is high, the breaking rate of ceramic fracturing proppant can be reduced to less than 9% when the calcination temperature is 1500 鈩，

本文編號：2249661