【摘要】：在航海運行中,艉軸密封裝置常常會因為船體震動或者海損等原因而失效,導致艉軸油泄漏引起環(huán)境的污染。隨著人類對環(huán)境保護的日益重視,傳統(tǒng)的艉軸油已經(jīng)很難達到環(huán)保法規(guī)的要求。因此,環(huán)保型船用艉軸油的研制迫在眉睫。多元醇酯作為基礎油,具有良好的潤滑性、優(yōu)異的熱穩(wěn)定性、可生物降解和無生物毒性等特點。論文在研究多元醇酯結(jié)構(gòu)與船用艉軸油性能之間的關系基礎上確定了基礎油配方;運用模糊層次分析法研究了復合添加劑配方;以乳狀液的儲存時間、離心析水量和乳液的平均粒徑及其粒徑分布作為乳液穩(wěn)定性的評價指標,研究了乳化劑種類、HLB值、乳化劑含量、剪切轉(zhuǎn)速、剪切時間、助乳化劑種類以及助乳化劑含量對環(huán)保型艉軸油乳化穩(wěn)定性的影響,選擇出了最合適的乳化劑配方;本研究還對成品油及其乳液進行了極壓抗磨性、水解安定性和生物毒性等性能檢測。研究結(jié)果表明:篩選出的2種多元醇酯復配的基礎油,其基礎油黏度等級達到100、而且經(jīng)濟,可以滿足該產(chǎn)品基礎油要求。運用模糊層次分析法優(yōu)選的復合添加劑可以滿足該艉軸油產(chǎn)品要求。乳化穩(wěn)定性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)親水性乳化劑的親水基EO數(shù)增加和親油基碳鏈增長均能增強乳狀液的穩(wěn)定性,當親水性乳化劑親油基與親油性乳化劑親油基相似時,復配效果最佳。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)聚合物助乳化劑可進一步提高乳狀液的穩(wěn)定性,并且提高剪切轉(zhuǎn)速、剪切時間、乳化劑和助乳化劑的含量均可以增加乳狀液的儲存時間,降低乳狀液的離心析水量和平均粒徑,從而提高乳狀液的穩(wěn)定性。本實驗研發(fā)的環(huán)保型船用艉軸油理化指標均符合艉軸油技術(shù)指標要求,并且成品油的極壓抗磨性、乳化穩(wěn)定性和水解安定性優(yōu)于市售的環(huán)保型艉軸油。
[Abstract]:In marine operation, tailshaft sealing devices often fail because of ship vibration or sea average, which results in environmental pollution caused by tailshaft oil leakage. With the increasing attention to environmental protection, the traditional tailshaft oil has been difficult to meet the requirements of environmental protection regulations. Therefore, the development of environmental protection stern shaft oil is urgent. As a base oil, polyol ester has good lubricity, excellent thermal stability, biodegradability and no biotoxicity. Based on the study of the relationship between the structure of polyol ester and the performance of stern shaft oil, the formula of base oil was determined, the compound additive formula was studied by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and the storage time of emulsion was studied. The water content of centrifugal precipitation and the average particle size and particle size distribution of emulsion were used as evaluation indexes of emulsion stability. HLB value of emulsifier, emulsifier content, shear speed, shearing time were studied. The most suitable emulsifier formula was selected because of the influence of the type of co-emulsifier and the content of co-emulsifier on the emulsification stability of environmental protection tailshaft oil, and the extreme pressure antiwear property of the finished oil and its emulsion was also studied. Hydrolytic stability and biotoxicity were tested. The results showed that the viscosity of the base oil was 100, and the base oil could meet the requirements of the base oil. The compound additive selected by the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process can meet the requirements of the tailshaft oil product. It was found that the increase of hydrophilic EO number and the increase of hydrophilic carbon chain of hydrophilic emulsifier could enhance the stability of emulsion. When the hydrophilic emulsifier and hydrophilic emulsifier were similar to hydrophilic emulsifier, the combination effect was the best. It is found that polymer co-emulsifier can further improve the stability of emulsion, and increase the shear speed, shear time and the content of emulsifier and co-emulsifier can increase the storage time of emulsion. In order to improve the stability of emulsion, the quantity of centrifugal precipitation and the average diameter of emulsion were decreased. The physicochemical indexes of the marine stern oil developed in this experiment all meet the technical requirements of stern shaft oil, and the extreme pressure antiwear property, emulsification stability and hydrolysis stability of the finished oil are better than those of the environmental protection stern shaft oil sold in the market.
【學位授予單位】：華東理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE626.3

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