【摘要】：隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展以及人類生活水平的不斷提高，天然氣和石油的消耗也日益加劇，國內(nèi)大量油田已經(jīng)進入石油開采的后期，石油的年產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)無法滿足生活需求，提高石油采收率已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。注水驅(qū)油和水力壓裂是我國提高石油采收率的重要手段，水驅(qū)前沿和裂縫方向的監(jiān)測是評價注水及水力壓裂的重要指標(biāo)。電法勘探為注水或壓裂裂縫方位探測的重要手段之一，但是復(fù)雜地質(zhì)構(gòu)造及深部油田異常體的探測，給電法勘探帶來了極大考驗。DERT（DifferentialElectricalResistanceTomography）是一種人工激勵源直流電阻率方法，該方法具有探測深度大，對電阻率異常分辨強的特點。IP（InducedPolarization）主要以地下水溶液中帶電離子或金屬礦為物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，進行極化率異常探測的一種電法勘探技術(shù)，該方法對極化率異常反應(yīng)比較明顯。本文利用DERT對電阻率異常敏感和IP對激發(fā)極化異常探測效果明顯的優(yōu)點，將同時通過IP測量獲得的視極化率異常和通過DERT方法測量獲得的視差分電阻率異常進行數(shù)據(jù)融合，從而得到更強的地下異常信息。 本文首先研究了DERT與IP的探測理論，通過數(shù)值模擬，分別仿真計算了DERT與IP對電阻率異常和極化率異常的探測效果，進而研究了DERT與IP聯(lián)合探測的理論及數(shù)值模擬計算。通過分析不同地質(zhì)構(gòu)造情況下聯(lián)合探測效果，證明了采用數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)合探測的優(yōu)越性。在此理論背景下研究了聯(lián)合探測系統(tǒng)的一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，，并研制了基于虛擬儀器技術(shù)的低噪聲、高分辨率多通道井-地DERT與IP數(shù)聯(lián)合探測系統(tǒng)。通過設(shè)計多通道智能電極轉(zhuǎn)換裝置，實現(xiàn)了大范圍數(shù)據(jù)采集。上層軟件采用MATLAB、LabVIEW聯(lián)合編程技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)了微弱信號預(yù)處理、參數(shù)的提取以及探測結(jié)果的實時成像。為了提高信號的抗干擾能力，同時還研究了基于L序列偽隨機信號的油田注水或壓裂裂縫系統(tǒng)檢測方法。最后利用本文研制的多通道井-地聯(lián)合接收系統(tǒng)進行了大量的對比實驗，通過野外實際測試，表明了井-地電法聯(lián)合探測系統(tǒng)在油田注水或壓裂裂縫探測中具有更好的探測效果，解決了低電阻率儲層和深井注水或壓裂情況下探測困難及方法單一的不確定性問題。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of society and the continuous improvement of human living standards, the consumption of natural gas and oil is also increasing day by day. A large number of oil fields in China have entered the late stage of oil production, and the annual oil production has been unable to meet the needs of life. It is urgent to improve oil recovery. Water flooding and hydraulic fracturing are important means to improve oil recovery in China. The monitoring of water drive front and fracture direction is an important index to evaluate water injection and hydraulic fracturing. Electrical exploration is one of the important means to detect the orientation of water injection or fracturing fracture. However, the detection of complex geological structures and abnormal bodies in deep oil fields brings a great test to electrical exploration. DERT (DifferentialElectricalResistanceTomography) is a method of DC resistivity of artificial excitation source. This method has the characteristics of high detection depth and strong resolution of resistivity anomalies. IP (InducedPolarization) is mainly based on charged ions or metal ores in underground aqueous solution to detect abnormal polarizability. The reaction of this method to the polarization anomaly is obvious. In this paper, using the advantages of DERT sensitivity to resistivity anomaly and the obvious effect of IP on detecting induced polarization anomaly, the apparent polarizability anomaly obtained by IP measurement and the apparent differential resistivity anomaly measured by DERT method are fused in this paper. Thus, stronger underground abnormal information can be obtained. In this paper, the detection theory of DERT and IP is studied, and the detection effects of DERT and IP on resistivity anomaly and polarizability anomaly are simulated by numerical simulation, and the theory and numerical simulation of DERT and IP joint detection are studied. By analyzing the effect of joint detection under different geological structures, the superiority of using data joint detection is proved. In this background, some key technologies of the joint detection system are studied, and a low noise, high resolution multi-channel DERT and IP number joint detection system based on virtual instrument technology is developed. Through the design of multi-channel intelligent electrode conversion device, a wide range of data acquisition is realized. The upper software uses MATLAB,LabVIEW programming technology to realize weak signal preprocessing, parameter extraction and real-time imaging of detection results. In order to improve the anti-interference ability of the signal, the detection method of oil field waterflooding or fracturing fracture system based on L sequence pseudo-random signal is also studied. Finally, a large number of comparative experiments are carried out using the multi-channel well ground combined receiving system developed in this paper, and the field tests are carried out. The results show that the system has better detection effect in oil field water injection or fracturing fracture detection, and solves the problem of difficult detection and single uncertainty in low resistivity reservoir and deep well injection or fracturing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357

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