【摘要】：致密儲層開發(fā)一般需進(jìn)行儲層壓裂改造,壓后主裂縫和次級裂縫的導(dǎo)流能力是增產(chǎn)效果的關(guān)鍵,所以對裂縫導(dǎo)流能力研究具有重要意義。本文主要以長慶HQ青海ZP致密儲層為研究區(qū),在分析了體積壓裂剪切滑移裂縫形成機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上,采用室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法對主支撐裂縫和次級裂縫導(dǎo)流能力及其影響因素進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,并結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對研究區(qū)塊進(jìn)行了產(chǎn)能分析,驗(yàn)證了實(shí)驗(yàn)方法的可行性,主要取得了以下成果和認(rèn)識:1.結(jié)合前人研究對長慶HQ區(qū)塊儲層裂縫分布及裂縫特征進(jìn)行了描述。其裂縫系統(tǒng)特征為“切深小、開度小、間距小”,的小—微裂縫系統(tǒng),裂縫發(fā)育的優(yōu)勢方位為北80°~90°西,南60°~70°東。2.采用力學(xué)方法分析了剪切裂縫形成及滑移機(jī)理,影響裂縫面滑移的主要影響因素有縫長、彈性模量和應(yīng)力差,并計(jì)算研究區(qū)儲層當(dāng)次級縫長8~10m時,最大滑移量可達(dá)6~8mm;采用分形維數(shù)的方法進(jìn)行了裂縫粗糙面定量計(jì)算,實(shí)現(xiàn)了裂縫面的模擬。3.采用API標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對不同人工裂縫狀態(tài)下導(dǎo)流能力進(jìn)行了研究。導(dǎo)流能力與閉合壓力關(guān)系遵循指數(shù)遞減規(guī)律;粗糙面錯位不鋪置支撐劑導(dǎo)流能力比裂縫整合形態(tài)下高一個數(shù)量級;陶粒和石英砂長期導(dǎo)流能力都遵循初期遞減迅速,后期下降平緩的特點(diǎn)。4.進(jìn)行了長慶HQ區(qū)塊儲層和青海ZP區(qū)塊常規(guī)巖心人工裂縫導(dǎo)流實(shí)驗(yàn),模擬了體積壓裂次級裂縫在各種狀態(tài)下導(dǎo)流能力與閉合應(yīng)力之間關(guān)系及其影響因素。得出:閉合人工裂縫對儲層滲流有一定的改善,但裂縫無彈性恢復(fù),受壓閉合后恢復(fù)率很低;多層鋪砂下導(dǎo)流能力與縫寬成正比,單層局部鋪砂條件下導(dǎo)流能力與鋪砂濃度間符合單“單駝峰”狀關(guān)系曲線;裂縫錯位后導(dǎo)流能力與粗糙面及巖性有關(guān),粗糙面分形維數(shù)越大,錯位導(dǎo)流能力越高,巖石硬度越大,錯位后導(dǎo)流能力受壓力影響越小;壓裂液和液相存在均會對氣體導(dǎo)流能力造成一定的傷害。5.研究區(qū)長慶HQ儲層壓裂改造無因次導(dǎo)流能力短期在1.2~1.5之間,長期在0.2~0.25之間。采用Mcguire-Sikora型半對數(shù)增產(chǎn)圖版和無因次支撐劑數(shù)法計(jì)算倍數(shù)分別為1.9~3.8倍和1.65~3.66倍,驗(yàn)證了導(dǎo)流能力實(shí)驗(yàn)的可行性,其實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對現(xiàn)場有一定的指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:The development of tight reservoirs usually needs to be reformed by fracturing. The conductivity of main fractures and secondary fractures after compression is the key to increase production, so it is of great significance to study the conductivity of fractures. In this paper, the formation mechanism of volume fracturing shear slip fractures is analyzed based on the study area of ZP tight reservoir in Changqing HQ Qinghai Province. A systematic experimental study on the conductivity of main and secondary cracks and its influencing factors is carried out by using the method of laboratory experiments. The productivity analysis of the study block is carried out in combination with experimental data, and the feasibility of the experimental method is verified. Mainly achieved the following results and understanding of 1. 1. Combined with previous studies, the fracture distribution and fracture characteristics of Changqing HQ block reservoir are described. The fracture system is characterized by "small cutting depth, small opening and small spacing". The dominant orientation of fracture development is north 80 擄90 擄west, south 60 擄70 擄east .2. The mechanism of shear fracture formation and slip is analyzed by means of mechanical method. The main factors influencing the slip of fracture surface are fracture length, modulus of elasticity and stress difference. The reservoir in the study area is calculated when the secondary fracture length is 8 ~ 10 m. The maximum slip value can reach 6 ~ 8 mm, and the fractal dimension method is used to calculate the crack rough surface quantitatively, and the simulation of fracture surface is realized. 3. The diversion capacity under different artificial cracks was studied by API standard. The relationship between diversion capacity and closed pressure follows the law of exponential decline; the conductivity of misaligned proppant on rough surface is one order of magnitude higher than that under the form of fracture integration; the long-term conductivity of ceramsite and quartz sand both follow the initial decline rapidly. Features of gentle decline in late stage. The artificial fracture diversion experiments of conventional core in Changqing HQ block and Qinghai ZP block were carried out, and the relationship between conductivity and closing stress of secondary fracture in volume fracturing and its influencing factors were simulated. It is concluded that the closed artificial fracture can improve the percolation of reservoir to some extent, but the fracture has no elastic recovery, and the recovery rate is very low after closed under the pressure, and the conductivity under the multi-layer sand spreading is proportional to the width of the fracture. Under the condition of single layer local sand laying, the relation curve between diversion capacity and sand spreading concentration accords with the single "single hump" curve, the conductivity after fracture dislocation is related to rough surface and lithology, the larger the fractal dimension of rough surface is, the higher the misplaced diversion capacity is. The greater the rock hardness, the less the influence of pressure on the flow conductivity after dislocation, and the existence of fracturing fluid and liquid phase will cause certain damage to the gas conductivity. The dimensionless conductivity of HQ reservoir fracturing in Changqing study area is between 1. 2 ~ 1. 5 and 0. 22 ~ 0. 25 in short term. The multiples calculated by using Mcguire-Sikora type semi-logarithmic pattern plate and dimensionless proppant number method are 1.9 ~ 3.8 times and 1.65 ~ 3.66 times, respectively. The feasibility of flow conductivity experiment is verified, and the experimental data can guide the field to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.1

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