【摘要】：近年來,由于煉廠原油加工量和加工深度的不斷增加,致使氫氣的消耗量急劇增加,由此導致的氫氣資源嚴重匱乏對煉廠發(fā)展的制約越來越嚴重。氫氣的高效利用對于煉廠降低成本,節(jié)能減排,具有非常重大的現(xiàn)實意義。氫網(wǎng)絡集成技術(shù)是節(jié)約煉廠氫氣資源的有效手段,因而是近些年來工業(yè)界和學術(shù)界研究關(guān)注的熱點問題�；趭A點分析的概念法是一種非常先進且研究較多的氫網(wǎng)絡集成方法,其主要采用圖示求解。然而,目前的概念法研究尚有許多不足之處,主要表現(xiàn)為可最大化直接回用,卻沒有最大化提純回用。所以,盡管提純回用包含在內(nèi),能在一定程度下節(jié)約新氫,但因大多數(shù)的研究都將提純出口產(chǎn)品當做固定濃度的氫源看待,沒有將提純過程當做氫網(wǎng)絡集成的一部分進行優(yōu)化,因而存在進一步提升網(wǎng)絡節(jié)氫潛力的空間。同時,對于多雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡,現(xiàn)有的方法所確定的新氫消耗目標值與實際可達到的最小值相比偏離較大,不能有效的回用氫源,同時也不能夠設計相應的匹配網(wǎng)絡。針對以上不足,本文的研究主要有以下四個方面:(1)提純過程的圖示化表達—質(zhì)量三角形規(guī)則;(2)單雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡在固定提純產(chǎn)品濃度和優(yōu)化提純濃度兩種情況下確定目標值的圖示法;(3)多雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡同時求解目標值和設計匹配網(wǎng)絡的圖示法;(4)考慮提純回用的多雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡目標值求解和網(wǎng)絡設計的圖示法。本文提出提純過程的質(zhì)量三角形規(guī)則。通過對提純過程的物料守恒分析,將其數(shù)學關(guān)系圖示化為三角形規(guī)則,并推廣為多邊形規(guī)則,實現(xiàn)圖示確定提純進料,產(chǎn)品和尾氣之間的濃度與流量關(guān)系。對單雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡,將提純過程的質(zhì)量三角形規(guī)則與源阱復合曲線耦合,并通過圖示法求解單雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡優(yōu)化提純過程時的最小新氫消耗。在指定提純產(chǎn)品濃度的情況下,通過移動氫源復合曲線,調(diào)整輔助提純產(chǎn)品線和提純產(chǎn)品線的流量直至兩者相等,即可確定最小新氫和燃氣排放目標值。在優(yōu)化提純產(chǎn)品濃度的情況下,通過引入最大剩余氫和質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)化三角形,以及對提純產(chǎn)品濃度和流量的變化調(diào)整和氫源復合曲線的移動,來確定氫網(wǎng)絡的最小新氫消耗。結(jié)果顯示,考慮提純過程優(yōu)化的單雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡的最小新氫消耗取決于提純技術(shù)的分離能力。對多雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡,本文提出能同時求解目標值和設計匹配網(wǎng)絡的圖示法。通過將單雜質(zhì)物質(zhì)回用網(wǎng)絡的最鄰近匹配算法發(fā)展到多雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡,提出多雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡的源阱排序規(guī)則,對源阱進行排序,并在雜質(zhì)負荷—流量圖中構(gòu)造源阱復合曲線組。然后,通過源阱匹配的質(zhì)量三角形規(guī)則對氫阱逐個進行匹配設計以得到最小新氫目標值和相應的匹配網(wǎng)絡。最后,通過單雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡的提純回用優(yōu)化與多雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡目標值求解和網(wǎng)絡設計相結(jié)合,對考慮提純回用的多雜質(zhì)氫網(wǎng)絡進行目標值求解和網(wǎng)絡設計。對于本文所提出的圖示研究方法,通過案例分析將結(jié)果與已有方法所得的結(jié)果進行對比,可得出本文的方法在節(jié)約新氫消耗以及目標值求解和網(wǎng)絡設計同步性方面的優(yōu)勢。本文的研究豐富和提升了考慮提純過程優(yōu)化的氫網(wǎng)絡集成研究的夾點圖示方法,用以確定最小新氫目標值并設計氫網(wǎng)絡。研究成果不僅適用于氫網(wǎng)絡,對相應的考慮過程源升級回用的其它網(wǎng)絡集成優(yōu)化的研究也有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the consumption of hydrogen has increased dramatically due to the increasing processing capacity and depth of crude oil in refineries, resulting in a serious shortage of hydrogen resources, which restricts the development of refineries more and more seriously. The concept method based on pinch analysis is a very advanced and well-studied method for hydrogen network integration, which is mainly solved by graphics. However, there are still many shortcomings in the current conceptual method, the main table. So, although purification and reuse are included, new hydrogen can be saved to a certain extent, because most studies treat purified export products as a fixed concentration of hydrogen source, the purification process is not optimized as part of the hydrogen network integration, so there is an improvement. At the same time, for the multi-impurity hydrogen network, the target value of new hydrogen consumption determined by the existing methods deviates greatly from the actual minimum value, and can not effectively reuse the hydrogen source, but also can not design the corresponding matching network. Aspects: (1) Graphical expression of purification process-mass triangle rule; (2) Graphical method for determining the target value of single impurity hydrogen network under two conditions of fixed purifying product concentration and optimized purifying concentration; (3) Graphical method for solving the target value and designing matching network simultaneously by multi-impurity hydrogen network; (4) Graphical method for designing matching network considering purification and reuse of multi-impurity hydrogen network A mass triangle rule for the purification process is presented. By analyzing the conservation of materials in the purification process, the mathematical relationship is shown as a triangle rule, which is extended to a polygon rule. The relationship between the concentration and the flow rate of the purified feed, product and tail gas is determined by the diagram. The network couples the mass triangle rule of the purification process with the source-well compound curve, and solves the minimum new hydrogen consumption of the single impurity hydrogen network optimization purification process by graphic method. The minimum new hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen network can be determined by introducing the maximum residual hydrogen and mass transformation triangle, adjusting the concentration and flow of the purified product and shifting the hydrogen source compound curve under the condition of optimizing the purified product concentration. The minimal new hydrogen consumption of the optimized single-impurity hydrogen network depends on the separation capability of the purification technology.For the multi-impurity hydrogen network, this paper presents a graphical method which can simultaneously solve the objective value and design the matching network.By developing the nearest neighbor matching algorithm of the single-impurity hydrogen reuse network to the multi-impurity hydrogen network, the source-well of the multi-impurity hydrogen network is proposed. Source-well combination curves are constructed in the impurity load-flow diagram. Then, the matching design of the hydrogen wells is carried out one by one according to the mass triangle rule of source-well matching to obtain the minimum new hydrogen target value and the corresponding matching network. Finally, the optimization of purification and reuse of the single impurity hydrogen network is carried out. The objective value of hydrogen network is solved and the network is designed by combining the objective value of hydrogen network with the network design. For the graphical research method proposed in this paper, the results are compared with the results obtained by the existing methods through case analysis. It is concluded that the method in this paper can save the consumption of new hydrogen and the objectives. This paper enriches and improves the pinch diagram method of hydrogen network integration research considering purification process optimization to determine the minimum new hydrogen target value and design hydrogen network. The study of optimization can also be used for reference.
【學位授予單位】：西安交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE683

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