【摘要】：我國(guó)能源結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)期以來以煤炭為主,石油供需存在矛盾,國(guó)內(nèi)石油產(chǎn)量亟需提高。同時(shí)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中大量燃燒化石能源產(chǎn)生的CO2溫室效應(yīng)問題也越來越引起人們的重視。利用CO2提高石油開采率以及有效封存工業(yè)排放的CO2是應(yīng)對(duì)這些能源與環(huán)境問題的有效措施。通過把捕獲的CO2注入到低產(chǎn)油田中提高石油采收率或者注入到地下咸水層中實(shí)現(xiàn)封存,可以直接而有效的達(dá)到溫室氣體減排目的。CO2注入到地層的過程中伴隨著兩相或多相流體在巖石孔隙中的流動(dòng)。儲(chǔ)層中流體之間以及巖石和流體之間的相互作用影響著流體在巖石孔隙內(nèi)的分布、毛細(xì)管力的方向和大小,從而影響流體在巖心中的滲流特性。為了很好的預(yù)測(cè)儲(chǔ)層咸水層封存CO2的能力,就必須測(cè)量?jī)?chǔ)層溫度、壓力條件下的流體間界面張力以及巖石表面的潤(rùn)濕特性。因此,開展在儲(chǔ)層條件下流體間的界面張力(IFT)和巖石的潤(rùn)濕特性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,能夠?yàn)樘岣呤筒墒章室约癈O2長(zhǎng)期安全封存提供非常重要的數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)。本文以提高石油采收率和CO2地質(zhì)封存為背景,開展了以下研究：應(yīng)用軸對(duì)稱滴形分析法測(cè)量了CO2-鹽水和油-水之間的界面張力,并詳細(xì)分析了界面張力與溫度、壓力、鹽水濃度之間的關(guān)系,得到了實(shí)驗(yàn)溫壓范圍內(nèi)的關(guān)聯(lián)式,為在實(shí)驗(yàn)溫壓范圍內(nèi)預(yù)測(cè)一定濃度下的CO2-鹽水界面張力提供參考依據(jù)。通過坐滴法測(cè)量了鹽水在氣態(tài)、液態(tài)及超臨界態(tài)CO2氛圍內(nèi)與Berea巖心的接觸角,研究了溫度、壓力、組分以及CO2相態(tài)變化對(duì)巖心潤(rùn)濕特性的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,油-水之間的界面張力受壓力的影響不顯著,隨溫度的升高而增長(zhǎng)；而CO2-鹽水的界面張力隨溫度和鹽水濃度的增大而增大,隨壓力的增大呈降低趨勢(shì),而且隨鹽水濃度呈線性增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。另一方面,由于表面粗糙度程度和組分差異,不同Berea巖心的接觸角隨溫度和壓力呈現(xiàn)不同變化趨勢(shì)。但是從整體特征來看,在超臨界CO2氛圍下巖心都呈現(xiàn)從親水性向非親水性轉(zhuǎn)變的潤(rùn)濕特性變化。之后,應(yīng)用最大球算法對(duì)CT掃描獲得的Berea巖心圖像進(jìn)行處理,獲得巖心的孔隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。將實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的界面張力和接觸角數(shù)據(jù)作為孔隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)兩相滲流模型的輸入?yún)?shù),模擬了砂巖中油-水、氣-水兩相滲流過程,獲得了相對(duì)滲透率和毛細(xì)管壓力曲線,與前人文獻(xiàn)中的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果吻合很好。證明了孔隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型不僅可用于預(yù)測(cè)油-水兩相滲流特性,也可運(yùn)用在CO2-鹽水滲流特性研究中,為今后預(yù)測(cè)咸水層封存CO2的能力提供技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。通過模擬結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),超臨界態(tài)CO2在咸水層中能夠獲得更大的封存量。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the energy structure of our country is dominated by coal, there are contradictions between supply and demand of oil, and the domestic oil output needs to be improved. At the same time, the problem of CO2 Greenhouse Effect produced by burning fossil energy in industrial production has attracted more and more attention. Using CO2 to improve the oil production rate and effectively store the industrial emissions of CO2 is an effective measure to deal with these energy and environmental problems. By injecting the captured CO2 into a low-yield oil field to improve oil recovery or into an underground salt water layer, It can directly and effectively achieve the aim of greenhouse gas emission reduction. CO2 injection into the formation is accompanied by the flow of two-phase or multi-phase fluids in rock pores. The interaction between fluids in reservoirs and between rocks and fluids affects the distribution of fluids in rock pores and the direction and size of capillary forces, thus affecting the percolation characteristics of fluids in rock cores. In order to predict the CO2 ability of salt water reservoir, it is necessary to measure the reservoir temperature, interfluid interfacial tension under pressure and the wetting characteristics of rock surface. Therefore, the experimental study of interfacial tension (IFT) and wetting characteristics of rocks under reservoir conditions can provide a very important data basis for improving oil recovery and long-term safe storage of CO2. Under the background of improving oil recovery and CO2 geological seal, this paper has carried out the following research: the interfacial tension between CO2- brine and oil-water was measured by axisymmetric drop shape analysis, and the interfacial tension, temperature and pressure were analyzed in detail. The relationship between salt water concentration and the experimental temperature and pressure range is obtained, which provides a reference for predicting the interfacial tension of CO2- brine at a certain concentration in the range of experimental temperature and pressure. The contact angles of salt water with Berea cores in gaseous, liquid and supercritical CO2 atmosphere were measured by drop method. The effects of temperature, pressure, composition and CO2 phase state on the wetting characteristics of cores were studied. The experimental results show that the interfacial tension between oil and water is not significantly affected by pressure and increases with the increase of temperature, while the interfacial tension of CO2- brine increases with the increase of temperature and concentration of brine, and decreases with the increase of pressure. Moreover, the saltwater concentration increases linearly. On the other hand, due to the difference of surface roughness and composition, the contact angle of different Berea cores varies with temperature and pressure. However, the core changes from hydrophilicity to non-hydrophilicity in supercritical CO2 atmosphere. Then, the maximum sphere algorithm is used to process the Berea core image obtained by CT scan, and the pore network model of the core is obtained. Using the experimental data of interfacial tension and contact angle as input parameters of porous network two-phase seepage model, the oil-water, gas-water two-phase seepage process in sandstone is simulated, and the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves are obtained. It is in good agreement with the experimental results in previous literatures. It is proved that the pore network model can be used not only to predict the oil-water two-phase seepage characteristics, but also to study the percolation characteristics of CO2- brine, and to provide technical guidance for predicting the ability of storing CO2 in salt water layers in the future. The simulation results show that the supercritical state CO2 can obtain a larger storage capacity in the salt water layer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE31

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：2217595