【摘要】：常規(guī)聲波測(cè)井解釋方法建立在各向同性地層中的垂直井基礎(chǔ)之上,對(duì)各向異性地層中的水平井和斜度井并不適用。在水平井和斜度井的鉆井過(guò)程中,巖屑會(huì)濺到井壁并最終在井壁底部形成一層薄巖屑層。同時(shí),高速層和各向異性也可能會(huì)影響聲波時(shí)差的測(cè)量。本文采用結(jié)合了Hybrid-PML的交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格時(shí)域有限差分方法(SGS-FDTD),研究陣列聲波儀器在各向異性介質(zhì)中的水平井和斜度井條件下,不同因素對(duì)測(cè)得時(shí)差所帶來(lái)的影響。模擬結(jié)果揭示了聲波時(shí)差在高速層,薄巖屑層,井斜角,層厚,各向異性等不同影響因素下的相應(yīng)規(guī)律。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)波長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)小于井壁與高速層的距離時(shí),能夠準(zhǔn)確測(cè)得目的層時(shí)差;然而在兩者處于同一量級(jí)時(shí)的近場(chǎng)條件下,幾何聲學(xué)理論不再適用;當(dāng)井眼底部存在巖屑層時(shí),費(fèi)馬原理依舊適用,對(duì)真實(shí)時(shí)差測(cè)量沒(méi)有影響;在各向異性地層環(huán)境下,井斜角的增大使得測(cè)得時(shí)差由垂直向時(shí)差逐漸趨近于水平向時(shí)差;對(duì)于特定源距的聲系,儀器在目的層中所移動(dòng)的距離超過(guò)一定距離時(shí),方可獲得薄層時(shí)差值。基于不同井斜角和不同各向異性大小均勻TI地層模型的模擬結(jié)果,繪制了時(shí)差估計(jì)圖版,可以對(duì)任意井斜角和各向異性比的模型進(jìn)行時(shí)差的定量估計(jì)。通過(guò)對(duì)不同聲系和不同彈性參數(shù)的模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),證明了這種時(shí)差估計(jì)方法對(duì)TI地層中的水平井和斜度井準(zhǔn)確有效。
[Abstract]:The conventional acoustic logging interpretation method is based on vertical wells in isotropic formations and is not suitable for horizontal wells and deviated wells in anisotropic formations. During the drilling process of horizontal and inclined wells, the cuttings will splash into the well wall and eventually form a thin layer of cuttings at the bottom of the wellbore. At the same time, the high-speed layer and anisotropy may also affect the measurement of acoustic moveout. In this paper, the staggered grid finite-difference time-domain (SGS-FDTD) method combined with Hybrid-PML is used to study the effects of different factors on the measured time difference under the conditions of horizontal wells and inclined wells in anisotropic media. The simulation results reveal the corresponding rules of acoustic moveout under different influence factors such as high speed layer thin cuttings well angle layer thickness anisotropy and so on. We find that when the wavelength is much smaller than the distance between the borehole wall and the high speed layer, the time difference of the target layer can be accurately measured. However, under the condition of the same order of magnitude, the geometric acoustics theory is no longer applicable, and when there is a cuttings layer at the bottom of the borehole, The Fermat principle is still applicable and has no effect on the real time difference measurement. In anisotropic formation, the increase of well inclination angle makes the measured time difference approach to horizontal time difference from vertical to vertical. For the acoustic system of specific source distance, The thin-layer time difference can be obtained when the distance of the instrument in the target layer exceeds a certain distance. Based on the simulation results of uniform TI formation model with different well inclination and anisotropic magnitude, a time difference estimation chart is drawn, which can be used to quantitatively estimate the time difference of the model with arbitrary well inclination and anisotropic ratio. Through the simulation experiments of different acoustic systems and different elastic parameters, it is proved that this time difference estimation method is accurate and effective for horizontal and inclined wells in TI formation.
【作者單位】： 油氣資源與探測(cè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(北京);地球科學(xué)學(xué)院 Khalifa
【基金】：supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41204094) Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462015YQ0506)
【分類號(hào)】：P631.81;TE243

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