【摘要】：隨著世界各國(guó)對(duì)能源需求的不斷增長(zhǎng),開發(fā)高含硫氣田有助于緩解能源緊張的局面,其在整個(gè)天然氣工業(yè)中的地位也將越來(lái)越突出。與常規(guī)天然氣相比,高含硫天然氣不僅具有極強(qiáng)的腐蝕性和劇毒性,還具有特殊的PVT性質(zhì)以及獨(dú)特的相態(tài)變化特征。高含硫天然氣在集輸過(guò)程中,隨著壓力、溫度等條件的變化,溶解在氣體中的元素硫可能會(huì)在集輸管道中以固體顆粒形態(tài)析出并發(fā)生沉積。硫沉積會(huì)造成地面集輸管道出現(xiàn)“硫堵”,引起鋼材的腐蝕,最終影響氣體的正常輸送。因此,研究集輸管道中的硫沉積對(duì)于保障高含硫天然氣安全、高效地集輸至關(guān)重要。本文主要針對(duì)高含硫天然氣集輸管道硫沉積預(yù)測(cè)方法這一問(wèn)題展開研究,主要完成了以下工作： (1)研究元素硫在集輸管道中沉積的機(jī)理有助于弄明白硫沉積發(fā)生的本質(zhì),同時(shí)也是建立集輸管道硫沉積預(yù)測(cè)模型的基礎(chǔ)和前提。為此,首先對(duì)元素硫的存在形式、密度、黏度、比熱和凝固點(diǎn)變化規(guī)律等物理性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了定性分析和定量研究。然后對(duì)計(jì)算高含硫天然氣物性參數(shù)的方法進(jìn)行了優(yōu)選,得到：DPR模型結(jié)合WA校正法是計(jì)算高含硫天然氣壓縮因子的最佳方法,同時(shí)BWRS狀態(tài)方程計(jì)算壓縮因子時(shí)也具有較高的精度；Dempsey模型結(jié)合Standing校正法是計(jì)算高含硫天然氣黏度的最佳方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上,明確了硫化氫是元素硫來(lái)源的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)化學(xué)反應(yīng)平衡原理確定了元素硫的溶解與沉積主要以物理溶解與沉積為主。元素硫的沉積主要考慮溶解度的變化,而壓力、溫度和氣體組分是影響元素硫溶解度的主要因素。 (2)分析評(píng)價(jià)了現(xiàn)有典型預(yù)測(cè)硫在高含硫氣體中溶解度方法的適用性和局限性,在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出運(yùn)用遺傳算法結(jié)合BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測(cè)硫在高含硫氣體中的溶解度。設(shè)計(jì)了該模型的計(jì)算步驟,討論了該模型的參數(shù)設(shè)置,并對(duì)該模型進(jìn)行了測(cè)試和驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明遺傳BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測(cè)模型的精度較高。 (3)根據(jù)水平管道中氣固運(yùn)移特征和氣固兩相流動(dòng)理論,對(duì)管道內(nèi)析出的固體硫顆粒進(jìn)行了受力分析,應(yīng)用固體顆粒群臨界流速計(jì)算模型分析了元素硫固體顆粒在管道中發(fā)生沉積的條件。運(yùn)用FLUENT軟件中的RSM模型和DPM模型研究了析出位置不立即發(fā)生沉積的硫顆粒在直管段、水平彎管以及閥門等處的運(yùn)移沉降規(guī)律,硫顆粒在直管段中的沉積率隨著氣流流速的增大而減小,隨著顆粒直徑的增大而增大；硫顆粒在水平彎管中的沉積率隨氣流流速、顆粒直徑和彎曲比的增大而增大；硫顆粒在閥門處的沉積率隨氣流流速和顆粒直徑的增大而增大,隨閥門開度的增大而減小。 (4)基于(1)～(3)的研究成果,結(jié)合高含硫天然氣集輸管道壓力溫度分布預(yù)測(cè)模型,建立了高含硫天然氣集輸管道硫析出位置、硫沉積條件判定以及硫沉積量計(jì)算的預(yù)測(cè)模型,并運(yùn)用這些模型對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)某高含硫氣田集輸管道的硫沉積問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明,模型預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果與實(shí)際較為吻合。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for energy in the world, the development of high-sulfur gas fields will help to alleviate the energy shortage and play a more and more important role in the natural gas industry. The elemental sulfur dissolved in the gas may precipitate and deposit in the form of solid particles in the gathering and transportation pipeline with the change of pressure and temperature. Sulfur deposition will cause "sulfur plugging" in the surface gathering and transportation pipeline, resulting in corrosion of steel and ultimately affecting the normal transportation of gas. Therefore, it is very important to study the sulfur deposition in gas gathering and transportation pipelines for ensuring the safety and efficient transportation of high sulfur-bearing natural gas.
(1) Studying the mechanism of elemental sulfur deposition in gathering and transportation pipelines is helpful to understand the nature of sulfur deposition, and it is also the basis and prerequisite for establishing a prediction model of sulfur deposition in gathering and transportation pipelines. The DPR model combined with WA correction method is the best method for calculating the compressibility factor of high sulfur natural gas, and the BWRS equation of state has higher accuracy in calculating the compressibility factor; Dempsey model combined with Standing correction method is the best method for calculating high sulfur natural gas. On this basis, it is clear that hydrogen sulfide is the material basis for the source of elemental sulfur. According to the principle of chemical reaction equilibrium, the dissolution and deposition of elemental sulfur are mainly physical dissolution and deposition. The main factors of degree.
(2) The applicability and limitation of the existing typical methods for predicting the solubility of sulfur in high sulfur gas are analyzed and evaluated. On this basis, a genetic algorithm combined with BP neural network is proposed to predict the solubility of sulfur in high sulfur gas. The results show that the prediction accuracy of genetic BP neural network is high.
(3) According to the characteristics of gas-solid migration and the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow in horizontal pipeline, the force of solid sulfur particles precipitated in pipeline is analyzed, and the condition of elemental sulfur particles deposited in pipeline is analyzed by using the critical velocity calculation model of solid particles. The precipitation is studied by using RSM model and DPM model of FLUENT software. The deposition rate of sulfur particles in straight pipe section decreases with the increase of gas flow velocity and increases with the increase of particle diameter. The deposition rate of sulfur particles in horizontal curved pipe increases with gas flow velocity, particle diameter and bending ratio. The deposition rate of sulfur particles increases with the increase of flow velocity and particle diameter, and decreases with the increase of valve opening.
(4) Based on the research results of (1) ~ (3), combined with the pressure and temperature distribution prediction model of high sulfur gas gathering pipeline, the prediction models of sulfur precipitation location, sulfur deposition condition determination and sulfur deposition calculation of high sulfur gas gathering pipeline are established, and these models are used to solve the sulfur deposition problem of a high sulfur gas gathering pipeline in China. The results show that the prediction results are in good agreement with the actual situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE86

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