【摘要】：近年來,隨著油氣田勘探開發(fā)的不斷深入,裂縫性油氣藏的勘探開發(fā)在我國有著越來越重要的戰(zhàn)略地位。新探明的復(fù)雜裂縫性油氣藏儲量在總的油氣資源探明儲量的比例不斷增加,產(chǎn)量也逐年增長。但高效的開發(fā)該裂縫性油氣藏卻十分困難,因為在裂縫性儲層開采過程中,雖然開采前期產(chǎn)能較高,但開采一段時間后,大部分氣井產(chǎn)量迅速降低。而其主要原因是:裂縫性儲層中的油氣被大量采出,裂縫系統(tǒng)內(nèi)流體壓力迅速下降,造成裂縫開度減小,裂縫滲透性也因此而減小。另外,儲層裂縫一旦在作用力下發(fā)生閉合將不易恢復(fù),即使后期采取注氣等措施以恢復(fù)地層壓力,裂縫的滲流能力也將變得很弱。這將會導(dǎo)致基質(zhì)巖石中大量的殘余油氣無法開采,從而將使得該區(qū)塊油氣采收率低。為此,針對裂縫性油氣藏這一生產(chǎn)問題,本文以石油工程、石油地質(zhì)、巖石力學(xué)以及滲流理論等學(xué)科為基礎(chǔ),通過實驗研究和計算機數(shù)值模擬,對儲層裂縫表面形態(tài)特征規(guī)律、在不同作用力下的裂縫閉合規(guī)律及裂縫內(nèi)流體滲流特征進行了系統(tǒng)研究,主要完成了以下幾個方面的內(nèi)容:①結(jié)合西部地區(qū)A區(qū)塊儲層裂縫,系統(tǒng)描述了裂縫的基本特征,包含裂縫分類方法、儲層裂縫表征參數(shù)、裂縫識別方法以及影響儲層裂縫發(fā)育的因素;②對裂縫的閉合規(guī)律及其裂縫內(nèi)流體滲流特征進行了理論和實驗研究,得出了不同圍壓下裂縫滲透率和裂縫開度的動態(tài)變化規(guī)律;③通過儲層裂縫閉合實驗與仿真模擬相結(jié)合,驗證了裂縫閉合三個階段的應(yīng)力分布、速度場、壓力場的變化規(guī)律;④基于真實裂縫空間滲流的影響因素,仿真模擬得出了真實裂縫粗糙度和裂縫寬度等對裂縫滲流的影響;⑤在結(jié)合室內(nèi)試驗與數(shù)值模擬裂縫閉合規(guī)律及滲流特征的基礎(chǔ)上,探討了生產(chǎn)過程中井底裂縫的閉合規(guī)律以及裂縫閉合對裂縫性油氣藏開發(fā)效果的影響。這對進一步深入認識裂縫閉合機理及其滲流規(guī)律,確定裂縫性油氣藏的開發(fā)方式和開采速度,準確評價裂縫性油氣儲層產(chǎn)能變化規(guī)律,提高該裂縫性氣藏生產(chǎn)能力和油氣采收率都具有非常重要的指導(dǎo)意義和實踐價值,并能為類似裂縫性油氣藏提供參考價值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the deepening of exploration and development of oil and gas fields, the exploration and development of fractured reservoirs has more and more important strategic position in China. The proportion of proved reserves of complex fractured reservoirs in the total proved reserves of oil and gas resources is increasing, and the output is increasing year by year. But it is very difficult to develop the fractured reservoir efficiently, because in the process of producing fractured reservoir, although the early production capacity is high, the production of most gas wells decreases rapidly after a period of production. The main reason is that the oil and gas in the fractured reservoir are produced in large quantities, the fluid pressure in the fracture system decreases rapidly, resulting in the decrease of fracture opening and fracture permeability. In addition, once the reservoir fracture is closed under the action force, it will not be easy to recover, even if the gas injection is taken to restore the formation pressure in the later stage, the seepage ability of the fracture will become very weak. This will result in a large amount of residual oil and gas in the matrix rock can not be exploited, which will make the block oil and gas recovery low. Therefore, aiming at the production problem of fractured oil and gas reservoir, based on petroleum engineering, petroleum geology, rock mechanics and percolation theory, and through experimental research and computer numerical simulation, the characteristics of fracture surface morphology in reservoir are studied in this paper. The fracture closure law and fluid percolation characteristics in fractures under different forces are systematically studied. The following contents are mainly completed: 1) combining with the reservoir fractures in block A of the western region, the basic characteristics of fractures are described systematically. Including fracture classification method, reservoir fracture characterization parameters, fracture identification method and factors affecting the development of reservoir fractures, this paper makes theoretical and experimental research on the fracture closure law and the fluid seepage characteristics in the fracture, including the fracture classification method, the reservoir fracture characterization parameters, the fracture identification method and the factors affecting the development of the reservoir fractures. The dynamic variation law of fracture permeability and fracture opening under different confining pressure is obtained. Through the combination of reservoir fracture closure experiment and simulation, the variation law of stress distribution, velocity field and pressure field in three stages of fracture closure are verified. (4) based on the influencing factors of real fracture space seepage, the influence of real crack roughness and crack width on fracture seepage is obtained by simulation. 5 based on the combination of laboratory test and numerical simulation, the fracture closure law and seepage characteristics are obtained. The law of bottom hole fracture closure and the effect of fracture closure on fractured oil and gas reservoir development are discussed in this paper. This is helpful to further understand the mechanism of fracture closure and its percolation law, to determine the development mode and production speed of fractured reservoirs, and to evaluate accurately the law of productivity change of fractured oil and gas reservoirs. It is of great significance and practical value to improve the production capacity and oil and gas recovery of the fractured gas reservoir and to provide reference value for similar fractured reservoirs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE312

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