【摘要】：油氣管道安全運(yùn)輸意義重大,通常采用壓電超聲方法檢測(cè)管道腐蝕。但壓電超聲技術(shù)需要涂抹耦合劑,不適用于天然氣管道等環(huán)境。電磁超聲檢測(cè)技術(shù)無需耦合劑,且檢測(cè)效率高、具有較強(qiáng)環(huán)境適應(yīng)性。然而,電磁超聲換能器(Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer,EMAT)線圈部分的參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)過程大多依賴于工程經(jīng)驗(yàn),線寬、線間距等參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)缺乏理論支撐;同時(shí),電磁超聲技術(shù)無法檢測(cè)管道內(nèi)壁表面腐蝕缺陷。針對(duì)以上不足,本文開展了基于電磁超聲與脈沖渦流的管道內(nèi)檢測(cè)技術(shù)研究。針對(duì)EMAT有限元建模方法對(duì)線圈參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)存在偏差的問題,提出基于發(fā)射電路仿真、EMAT有限元仿真及接收電路仿真的全模型建模方法。通過分析EMAT換能機(jī)理,并分別研究發(fā)射過程中電路參數(shù)對(duì)激勵(lì)電流、接收過程中電路參數(shù)對(duì)回波電壓的影響,設(shè)計(jì)了全模型建模仿真總體方案,提高了EMAT仿真的準(zhǔn)確性。針對(duì)長(zhǎng)距離管道內(nèi)檢測(cè)過程中垂直磁場(chǎng)EMAT易受磨損的問題,設(shè)計(jì)了基于全模型仿真設(shè)計(jì)方法的水平磁場(chǎng)EMAT。通過全模型仿真得到線圈線寬、線間距參數(shù)對(duì)檢測(cè)性能的影響關(guān)系,設(shè)計(jì)了EMAT線圈;通過測(cè)定不同磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度下EMAT回波幅值的變化規(guī)律,設(shè)計(jì)了EMAT水平磁場(chǎng)。搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試平臺(tái),驗(yàn)證了全模型仿真方法及EMAT設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果的正確性。針對(duì)電磁超聲技術(shù)無法檢測(cè)管道內(nèi)壁表面缺陷的問題,利用EMAT自身激發(fā)的脈沖渦流對(duì)表面缺陷進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。通過分析脈沖渦流檢測(cè)原理,建立了脈沖渦流有限元模型,對(duì)其檢測(cè)可行性進(jìn)行仿真研究,并得到了不同缺陷尺寸下的渦流信號(hào)特征。利用實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)及設(shè)計(jì)的EMAT線圈激發(fā)脈沖渦流,對(duì)所建立的有限元模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。針對(duì)EMAT及脈沖渦流對(duì)管道的檢測(cè)需求,設(shè)計(jì)了電磁超聲與脈沖渦流復(fù)合檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試了系統(tǒng)對(duì)管道減薄及表面腐蝕缺陷的檢測(cè)能力,測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)對(duì)大面積減薄腐蝕的檢測(cè)誤差不超過±0.2mm,并可以檢測(cè)最小尺寸為0.5mm的管道表面裂紋腐蝕。系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)性能良好,滿足電磁超聲與脈沖渦流的復(fù)合檢測(cè)需求。本文研究基于電磁超聲與脈沖渦流的管道內(nèi)檢測(cè)方法,為管道腐蝕檢測(cè)實(shí)用化奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The safe transportation of oil and gas pipelines is of great significance. Piezoelectric ultrasonic method is usually used to detect pipeline corrosion. However, piezoelectric ultrasonic technology needs to smear coupling agent, not suitable for natural gas pipelines and other environments. Electromagnetic ultrasonic detection technology does not need coupling agent, and has high detection efficiency and strong environmental adaptability. However, the design process of electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer (Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer EMAT) coils mostly depends on engineering experience, line width, line spacing and other parameters design lack of theoretical support, at the same time, electromagnetic ultrasonic technology can not detect the corrosion defects on the inner wall of pipeline. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies the inner-pipe detection technology based on electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulse eddy current. Aiming at the problem that EMAT finite element modeling method deviates from the design of coil parameters, a full-model modeling method based on emitter circuit simulation and receive circuit simulation is proposed. By analyzing the mechanism of EMAT energy transfer and studying the effect of circuit parameters on the excitation current during the emission process and the echo voltage during the receiving process, the overall scheme of modeling and simulation of the whole model is designed to improve the accuracy of the EMAT simulation. Aiming at the problem that the vertical magnetic field (EMAT) is easy to be worn in the long distance pipeline testing process, the horizontal magnetic field Ematt based on the full-model simulation design method is designed. The influence of coil width and line spacing parameters on the detection performance is obtained by full-model simulation, and the EMAT coil is designed, and the horizontal magnetic field of EMAT is designed by measuring the variation rule of EMAT echo amplitude under different magnetic field intensity. The experimental test platform is built to verify the correctness of the whole model simulation method and EMAT design results. Aiming at the problem that the electromagnetic ultrasonic technology can not detect the surface defects of the inner wall of the pipeline, the surface defects are detected by the pulsed eddy current excited by EMAT itself. By analyzing the principle of pulsed eddy current testing, the finite element model of pulse eddy current is established, and the feasibility of testing is studied by simulation, and the characteristics of eddy current signal with different defect sizes are obtained. The finite element model is verified by using the experimental platform and the designed EMAT coil to excite the pulsed eddy current. According to the demand of EMAT and pulse eddy current for pipeline detection, the electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulse eddy current compound detection system is designed. The detection ability of the system for pipeline thinning and surface corrosion defects is tested by experiments. The test results show that the detection error of the system for large area thinning corrosion is not more than 鹵0.2 mm, and it can detect the surface crack corrosion of the pipeline with the minimum size of 0.5mm. The system has good testing performance and meets the needs of electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulsed eddy current. In this paper, the method of pipeline inner detection based on electromagnetic ultrasonic and pulsed eddy current is studied, which lays a foundation for the practical application of pipeline corrosion detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE973.6

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