基于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的游梁式抽油機(jī)輔助平衡研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-08 12:31
【摘要】：抽油機(jī)作為機(jī)械采油的主要設(shè)備之一,已為油田服務(wù)了近百余年。雖然新型抽油機(jī)不斷出現(xiàn),新的采油裝備及技術(shù)不斷更新,但游梁式抽油機(jī)以其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,操作方便等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),至今仍是目前我國(guó)機(jī)械采油設(shè)備中的主力軍。但長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),游梁式抽油機(jī)能耗大這一突出問(wèn)題并未得到有效解決,尤其是近期國(guó)際原油價(jià)格下跌,嚴(yán)重影響了石油企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)利潤(rùn),迫使企業(yè)不得不更加重視生產(chǎn)成本,以更為經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的手段進(jìn)行石油開(kāi)采活動(dòng),其中,最重要的一點(diǎn)便是解決抽油機(jī)的高降耗問(wèn)題。影響抽油機(jī)能耗的因素有很多,其中最主要的原因就是抽油機(jī)不平衡,即抽油機(jī)平衡配重塊所產(chǎn)生的平衡扭矩不足以完全匹配負(fù)載扭矩,這與復(fù)雜的井下工況有關(guān),也受抽油機(jī)四桿機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)影響。井下工況尚無(wú)有效措施解決,但通過(guò)增加輔助機(jī)械裝置改善抽油機(jī)平衡效果是可行的,這對(duì)機(jī)械裝置需要實(shí)時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜多變的井下工況提出了較高要求�，F(xiàn)有的抽油機(jī)平衡調(diào)整是通過(guò)采集抽油機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)之后,然后根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式或其它計(jì)算方法采取調(diào)整措施,不僅測(cè)試方法準(zhǔn)確性不夠,操作難度大、平衡效果難以保證,而且不能適應(yīng)變化的井下工況,需要定期對(duì)抽油機(jī)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)調(diào)整,費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力。而通過(guò)變頻技術(shù)、控制器等技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的節(jié)能改造,大多存在自動(dòng)化程度低、可靠性差、改造費(fèi)用大等不足,無(wú)法得到推廣和應(yīng)用。隨著科技的進(jìn)步,國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)控技術(shù)快速發(fā)展,為提高我國(guó)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)新能力和工作效率,國(guó)家在“十二五”期間組織在各工業(yè)領(lǐng)域推廣數(shù)控技術(shù),即“數(shù)控一代”工程,為我國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)石油裝備的轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)提供了機(jī)會(huì)。在此背景下,本課題針對(duì)現(xiàn)有游梁式抽油機(jī)平衡調(diào)整難的問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)出一套游梁式抽油機(jī)輔助平衡控制系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)能自動(dòng)定時(shí)分析抽油機(jī)的平衡狀態(tài),自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)抽油機(jī)的平衡裝置,無(wú)需人為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作。本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于：首次將技術(shù)相對(duì)成熟的華中數(shù)控系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于抽油機(jī)的平衡調(diào)節(jié),運(yùn)用其強(qiáng)大的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制功能可同時(shí)控制多臺(tái)抽油機(jī)的輔助平衡裝置,并實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)備的遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控與管理。該輔助平衡控制系統(tǒng)能有效解決抽油機(jī)需要人工定期調(diào)整的難題,不僅調(diào)整精度高,平衡效果好,而且“一對(duì)多”的控制模式能大大降低抽油機(jī)的改造成本。本課題圍繞游梁式抽油機(jī)的自動(dòng)精確調(diào)平衡這一宗旨展開(kāi)研究,對(duì)游梁式抽油機(jī)基本理論進(jìn)行了分析,包括抽油機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)組成、工作原理、四桿機(jī)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、懸點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律以及懸點(diǎn)載荷等。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合三大平衡準(zhǔn)則,對(duì)抽油機(jī)輔助平衡的調(diào)整計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格詳細(xì)的理論推導(dǎo),并利用VB語(yǔ)言,運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的數(shù)學(xué)處理能力完成了抽油機(jī)平衡計(jì)算軟件的編寫(xiě)。結(jié)合計(jì)算公式,本文探討了兩種輔助平衡方式實(shí)現(xiàn)的難易程度,確定游梁輔助平衡方式的最佳方案,并以此進(jìn)行控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì),采用上位機(jī)的方式,以華中HNC-808M系列數(shù)控系統(tǒng)為控制核心, HSV-160U系列伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)器以及伺服電機(jī)為基本設(shè)備,搭建輔助平衡控制系統(tǒng)軟硬件平臺(tái)。并在VC環(huán)境下,借助數(shù)控裝置的二次開(kāi)發(fā)功能設(shè)計(jì)了上位機(jī)軟件,實(shí)現(xiàn)控制系統(tǒng)的遠(yuǎn)程操作與管理。系統(tǒng)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室抽油機(jī)上完成了整體調(diào)試與試驗(yàn),對(duì)比分析實(shí)驗(yàn)室數(shù)據(jù),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與理論相符,顯示出了較好的平衡效果,證實(shí)了該油機(jī)輔助平衡控制系統(tǒng)方案的可行性。盡管試驗(yàn)環(huán)境和條件不如現(xiàn)場(chǎng)復(fù)雜,但對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際應(yīng)用有一定的參考價(jià)值和指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:As one of the main equipment of mechanical oil extraction, the pumping unit has been serving the oil field for more than one hundred years. Although the new type of pumping unit is constantly appearing, the new oil extraction equipment and technology are constantly updated, the beam pumping unit is still the main force in the machinery oil production equipment in our country, but it is still the main force in the machinery oil production equipment in our country. The outstanding problem of the big energy consumption of the beam pumping unit has not been effectively solved, especially the decline of the international crude oil price in the near future, which has seriously affected the production profit of the oil enterprises, forced the enterprises to pay more attention to the production cost, and carried out the oil mining activities with more economical and effective means, the most important one is to solve the oil pumping. There are many factors affecting the energy consumption of the pumping unit, the most important reason is the imbalance of the pumping unit, that is, the balance torque produced by the balance weight block of the pumping unit is not enough to match the load torque completely, which is related to the complicated downhole working conditions and the structural characteristics of the four rod mechanism of the pumping unit. The downhole working condition is not yet available. The effective measures are solved, but it is feasible to improve the balance effect of the pumping unit by adding auxiliary machinery. This is a high requirement for the mechanical device to meet the complex and changeable downhole conditions. The current balance adjustment of the pumping unit is by collecting the data of the pumping unit, and then according to the empirical formula or other calculation methods. Taking the adjustment measures, not only the testing method is not accurate enough, the operation is difficult, the balance effect is difficult to guarantee, and it can't adapt to the changing downhole condition, it needs regular inspection and adjustment to the oil pumping unit, and it is time-consuming and laborious. With the development of science and technology and the rapid development of numerical control technology in China, in order to improve the innovation ability and efficiency of our mechanical products, the state popularized numerical control technology in various industrial fields during the "12th Five-Year", that is, the "numerical control generation" project, for the transformation of petroleum equipment in China. In this context, in this context, a set of auxiliary balance control system for the beam pumping unit is designed to solve the difficult problem of balance adjustment of the existing beam pumping units. This system can automatically analyze the balance state of the pumping unit automatically and automatically adjust the balance installation of the pumping unit without human operation. The innovation point of this paper is the innovation point of this paper. The central China CNC system, which is relatively mature, is applied to the balance adjustment of the pumping unit for the first time. Using its powerful motion control function, the auxiliary balancing device of multiple pumping units can be controlled simultaneously, and the remote monitoring and management of the equipment can be realized. The auxiliary balance control system can effectively solve the difficult problem of the regular adjustment of the pumping unit. Not only is the adjustment precision is high, the balance effect is good, but the "one to many" control mode can greatly reduce the transformation cost of the pumping unit. This subject focuses on the aim of the automatic and accurate balance of the beam pumping unit, and analyzes the basic theory of the beam pumping unit, including the structure, the working principle and the four bar machine. On the basis of the three balance criteria, the formula of the auxiliary balance adjustment calculation formula of the pumping unit is strictly detailed, and the software of the balance calculation of the pumping unit is completed by using the VB language and the powerful mathematical processing ability of the computer. The formula is combined with the calculation formula. In this paper, the difficulty of realizing the two kinds of auxiliary balance methods is discussed, the best scheme to determine the auxiliary balance mode of the beam is determined, and the software and hardware of the control system are designed. The upper computer is used in the control system, and the central China HNC-808M series CNC system is used as the control core, the HSV-160U series servo drive and the servo motor are the basic equipment. The software and hardware platform of the auxiliary balance control system is used. In the environment of VC, the upper computer software is designed with the help of the two development functions of the numerical control device to realize the remote operation and management of the control system. The system has completed the overall debugging and test on the laboratory pumping unit, and compared the laboratory data. The experimental results are in agreement with the theory, showing the comparison of the experimental results. The good balance effect proves the feasibility of the scheme of the auxiliary balance control system of the oil machine. Although the test environment and conditions are not as complicated as the field, it has some reference value and guiding significance for the practical application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE933.1
本文編號(hào)：2171794
[Abstract]:As one of the main equipment of mechanical oil extraction, the pumping unit has been serving the oil field for more than one hundred years. Although the new type of pumping unit is constantly appearing, the new oil extraction equipment and technology are constantly updated, the beam pumping unit is still the main force in the machinery oil production equipment in our country, but it is still the main force in the machinery oil production equipment in our country. The outstanding problem of the big energy consumption of the beam pumping unit has not been effectively solved, especially the decline of the international crude oil price in the near future, which has seriously affected the production profit of the oil enterprises, forced the enterprises to pay more attention to the production cost, and carried out the oil mining activities with more economical and effective means, the most important one is to solve the oil pumping. There are many factors affecting the energy consumption of the pumping unit, the most important reason is the imbalance of the pumping unit, that is, the balance torque produced by the balance weight block of the pumping unit is not enough to match the load torque completely, which is related to the complicated downhole working conditions and the structural characteristics of the four rod mechanism of the pumping unit. The downhole working condition is not yet available. The effective measures are solved, but it is feasible to improve the balance effect of the pumping unit by adding auxiliary machinery. This is a high requirement for the mechanical device to meet the complex and changeable downhole conditions. The current balance adjustment of the pumping unit is by collecting the data of the pumping unit, and then according to the empirical formula or other calculation methods. Taking the adjustment measures, not only the testing method is not accurate enough, the operation is difficult, the balance effect is difficult to guarantee, and it can't adapt to the changing downhole condition, it needs regular inspection and adjustment to the oil pumping unit, and it is time-consuming and laborious. With the development of science and technology and the rapid development of numerical control technology in China, in order to improve the innovation ability and efficiency of our mechanical products, the state popularized numerical control technology in various industrial fields during the "12th Five-Year", that is, the "numerical control generation" project, for the transformation of petroleum equipment in China. In this context, in this context, a set of auxiliary balance control system for the beam pumping unit is designed to solve the difficult problem of balance adjustment of the existing beam pumping units. This system can automatically analyze the balance state of the pumping unit automatically and automatically adjust the balance installation of the pumping unit without human operation. The innovation point of this paper is the innovation point of this paper. The central China CNC system, which is relatively mature, is applied to the balance adjustment of the pumping unit for the first time. Using its powerful motion control function, the auxiliary balancing device of multiple pumping units can be controlled simultaneously, and the remote monitoring and management of the equipment can be realized. The auxiliary balance control system can effectively solve the difficult problem of the regular adjustment of the pumping unit. Not only is the adjustment precision is high, the balance effect is good, but the "one to many" control mode can greatly reduce the transformation cost of the pumping unit. This subject focuses on the aim of the automatic and accurate balance of the beam pumping unit, and analyzes the basic theory of the beam pumping unit, including the structure, the working principle and the four bar machine. On the basis of the three balance criteria, the formula of the auxiliary balance adjustment calculation formula of the pumping unit is strictly detailed, and the software of the balance calculation of the pumping unit is completed by using the VB language and the powerful mathematical processing ability of the computer. The formula is combined with the calculation formula. In this paper, the difficulty of realizing the two kinds of auxiliary balance methods is discussed, the best scheme to determine the auxiliary balance mode of the beam is determined, and the software and hardware of the control system are designed. The upper computer is used in the control system, and the central China HNC-808M series CNC system is used as the control core, the HSV-160U series servo drive and the servo motor are the basic equipment. The software and hardware platform of the auxiliary balance control system is used. In the environment of VC, the upper computer software is designed with the help of the two development functions of the numerical control device to realize the remote operation and management of the control system. The system has completed the overall debugging and test on the laboratory pumping unit, and compared the laboratory data. The experimental results are in agreement with the theory, showing the comparison of the experimental results. The good balance effect proves the feasibility of the scheme of the auxiliary balance control system of the oil machine. Although the test environment and conditions are not as complicated as the field, it has some reference value and guiding significance for the practical application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE933.1
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