【摘要】：油田井固井后,水泥環(huán)將套管與地層緊緊粘接為一體,既起到保護(hù)套管不受腐蝕的作用又能保證油氣井的正常生產(chǎn)。隨著我國(guó)石油天然氣開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,地勢(shì)形態(tài)日益復(fù)雜、鉆采方式多樣,油田固井技術(shù)的發(fā)展也突飛猛進(jìn),對(duì)固井質(zhì)量的要求也越來(lái)越高。因此,在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中,有效評(píng)價(jià)固井質(zhì)量是至關(guān)重要的。固井質(zhì)量的評(píng)價(jià)主要是水泥膠結(jié)質(zhì)量的檢測(cè),由于界面發(fā)生應(yīng)變或者水泥石本身密度等原因?qū)е陆缑娼Y(jié)構(gòu)疏松,出現(xiàn)不同程度的缺陷。研究界面缺陷對(duì)固井質(zhì)量的影響有助于在實(shí)際問(wèn)題中更合理設(shè)計(jì)出檢測(cè)方案和提高檢測(cè)結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。聲波測(cè)井是通過(guò)研究聲波在井下巖層和介質(zhì)中的傳播特性,從而了解巖層的地質(zhì)特性和判斷固井質(zhì)量的一種測(cè)井方法。基于井孔中的超聲波傳播特性及其在無(wú)損評(píng)價(jià)中的應(yīng)用,本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)果如下:(1)研究了不同界面缺陷對(duì)套管井超聲響應(yīng)的影響。采用ANSYS有限元軟件,分別建立了32組第一、第二界面不同缺陷尺寸模型,并對(duì)接收到的超聲回波進(jìn)行波形分析和頻譜轉(zhuǎn)化。結(jié)果表明:膠結(jié)良好情況下地層回波明顯,隨著缺陷的增大,回波逐漸減弱直至不明顯;界面缺陷回波FFT峰值隨著缺陷尺寸的增加先增大后減小,當(dāng)缺陷增至一定程度后,能透過(guò)套管到達(dá)水泥層的能量大大減弱,頻譜表現(xiàn)為自身固有頻率。(2)研究了水泥環(huán)缺失范圍對(duì)聲場(chǎng)的影響以及缺失方位的判定。采用ANSYS有限元軟件,建立了套管井膠結(jié)良好和沿x軸周向缺失不同范圍水泥環(huán)有限元模型,對(duì)回波信號(hào)的套管波、首波幅度及對(duì)FFT變換峰值進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果表明:無(wú)缺陷模型首波幅度最小,但隨著缺失角度的增大,首波幅度、不同方位回波FFT幅值都隨之增大,到180°后幅度急劇減小并保持平穩(wěn);不同方位的缺陷有不同的敏感頻率。(3)研究了不同橢圓形套管井聲場(chǎng)的傳播特征及時(shí)頻分析。采用ANSYS有限元軟件軟件,分別建立不同橢圓形井場(chǎng)有限元模型,并通過(guò)FRFT對(duì)接收到的超聲回波信號(hào)進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:圓形井場(chǎng)分?jǐn)?shù)階傅里葉變換最優(yōu)p值較大;隨著橢圓度的增大,信號(hào)在分?jǐn)?shù)階域上的第一主峰值越來(lái)越大,但總體幅值比越來(lái)越小。通過(guò)本文的研究,對(duì)套管井結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行超聲波檢測(cè)在理論和實(shí)踐應(yīng)用中都有一定的參考和指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:After cementing in oil field wells, the cement ring connects the casing and the formation tightly, which not only protects the casing from corrosion, but also ensures the normal production of oil and gas wells. With the continuous development of China's petroleum and natural gas development technology, the topography is increasingly complex and the drilling methods are varied, and the development of the cementing technology in the oil field is also advancing rapidly and cementing well. The quality requirements are getting higher and higher. Therefore, in actual production, it is very important to evaluate the cementing quality effectively. The evaluation of cementing quality is mainly the testing of cement cement quality. The interface structure is loose because of the interface strain or the density of cement stone itself. The effect of mass is helpful to the more reasonable design of the detection scheme and the accuracy of the detection results in practical problems. Acoustic logging is a well logging method to understand the geological characteristics of the rock layer and determine the quality of Cementing by studying the propagation characteristics of sound waves in the underground rock and medium. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: (1) the effect of different interface defects on ultrasonic response of casing wells is studied. Using ANSYS finite element software, 32 groups of first and second interface defect size models are established respectively, and the ultrasonic echoes received are analyzed and frequency conversion. The results show that the echo of the formation is obvious under the condition of good cementation. With the increase of the defect, the echo gradually decreases until it is not obvious. The FFT peak of the interface defect echo increases first and then decreases with the increase of the defect size. When the defect increases to a certain extent, the energy to reach the cement layer through the casing is greatly weakened, and the frequency spectrum is its own natural frequency (2). The influence of the loss range of the cement ring on the acoustic field and the determination of the missing azimuth are studied. By using the ANSYS finite element software, a finite element model of cement ring with good cementation and the circumferential missing of X axis is established. The casing wave of the echo signal, the amplitude of the first wave and the peak value of the FFT transformation are analyzed. The results show that the head of the defect model is not the head of the defect model. The amplitude of the wave is the smallest, but with the increase of the missing angle, the amplitude of the first wave and the FFT amplitude of the different azimuth echoes all increase, and the amplitude decreases rapidly and keeps steady after 180 degrees. The defects in different azimuths have different sensitive frequencies. (3) the time frequency analysis of the propagation characteristics of the sound fields of different oval casing wells is studied. The software software of the finite element software is used for the analysis of the acoustic field of different oval casing wells. The finite element model of different elliptical wellfield is established, and the received ultrasonic echo signal is analyzed by FRFT. The result shows that the optimal p value of the fractional Fourier transform of the circular hole field is larger. With the increase of the ellipticity, the first peak value of the signal in the fractional domain is bigger and bigger, but the overall amplitude is smaller and smaller. Through this paper The ultrasonic testing of cased hole structure has certain reference and guiding significance in theory and practice application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE256

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本文編號(hào)：2170369