基于巨厚鹽膏層以及碳酸鹽儲(chǔ)層的鉆井技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-05 11:17
【摘要】：阿姆河右岸氣田勘探開(kāi)采對(duì)象日趨復(fù)雜,鉆井難度日益加大,亟需研究高效的鉆井技術(shù)為該地區(qū)鉆井工程技術(shù)瓶頸提供綜合解決方案。該區(qū)塊進(jìn)行鉆井施工具有以下幾個(gè)方面的挑戰(zhàn)：①地質(zhì)及儲(chǔ)層條件復(fù)雜,儲(chǔ)層為復(fù)雜的碳酸鹽巖地層,孔洞、裂縫發(fā)育,同時(shí)含高壓鹽水的大段鹽膏層,鉆探過(guò)程中具有不可預(yù)見(jiàn)性,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極大,鉆井安全性得不到保障。②上覆巖層為巨厚的高壓鹽水巨厚鹽膏層,鹽膏巖蓋層厚度一般400-1200m,水平井井眼軌跡控制技術(shù)難度大。③區(qū)塊地下構(gòu)造規(guī)模小且斷裂發(fā)育復(fù)雜,存在多套高壓鹽水層、復(fù)合鹽膏層、漏失層、坍塌層以及斷背斜構(gòu)造帶,“三高”(高壓、高產(chǎn)、含H2S)氣層與漏層同層等安全鉆井技術(shù)要求比較高。④結(jié)合前述3項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)條件,同時(shí)由于前期取心收獲率極低,可借鑒經(jīng)驗(yàn)少,土庫(kù)曼斯坦復(fù)雜鹽下氣田取心技術(shù)有待進(jìn)一步提升。通過(guò)收集分析阿姆河右岸地質(zhì)及已鉆井工程資料,結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外“三高”井的成熟技術(shù)提出技術(shù)對(duì)策,總結(jié)制定了技術(shù)方案及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)方案。通過(guò)理論研究和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn),取得了以下主要成果：(1)通過(guò)建立蠕變力學(xué)模型,結(jié)合測(cè)井資料,確定區(qū)域鉆井液密度窗口,同時(shí)研制出流變性好、抗鹽膏污染和防塌能力強(qiáng)的鉆井液配方,并制定出現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)施工藝。通過(guò)檢測(cè)預(yù)測(cè)地層坍塌壓力方法,可以確定井壁坍塌的方向和大小,確定地應(yīng)力方向,建立地層的三壓力剖面,為優(yōu)化井身結(jié)構(gòu),確定井壁失穩(wěn)技術(shù)對(duì)策提供依據(jù)。(2)該地區(qū)水平井采用“三開(kāi)三完”的井身結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)封隔儲(chǔ)層以上的不同壓力體系與巨厚膏巖層,確定七段制井眼軌跡剖面,“直-增-微增-增-穩(wěn)-增-平”來(lái)減少巨厚鹽膏層對(duì)軌跡的影響,這樣既滿(mǎn)足現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工需求,有效應(yīng)對(duì)井下復(fù)雜情況,又能降低鉆井綜合成本。(3)提出了適用于阿姆河右岸“噴漏同層”儲(chǔ)層的隨鉆、停鉆以及完鉆后固井前提高承壓能力的封縫即堵技術(shù)等安全鉆井技術(shù)。(4)優(yōu)選出具有儲(chǔ)層保護(hù)功能的低固相鉆井液配方：清水+2%DFD-140 +2%CMJ-2+1%JYW1、+0.2%VP+0.4%ABSN+2%SMP-2+NaCl(密度大于1.2時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)用甲酸鹽)(0%-飽和)+超細(xì)碳酸鈣+0.5～1.0% Zn2(OH)2CO3+NaOH(調(diào)節(jié)pH至10-11)�？箿剡_(dá)150℃以上,抗一價(jià)鹽達(dá)到20%,抗鈣5%,抗鉆屑污染達(dá)到20%,API濾失量小于3mL,高溫高壓濾失量(150℃)小于15mL,常溫及高溫老化后的動(dòng)塑比均0.5,滲透率恢復(fù)值高于90%。(5)結(jié)合BXQX取心工具研制出適應(yīng)該地區(qū)灰?guī)r破碎地層的新型取心工具(不投球保形取心工具)。在取心鉆頭方面,研制出適合于土庫(kù)曼地區(qū)破碎地層取心的天然金剛石取心鉆頭。經(jīng)過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用實(shí)例分析對(duì)比研究,最終摸索出一套適合土庫(kù)曼碳酸鹽巖破碎地層取心工藝技術(shù)。論文以阿姆河右岸氣田勘探開(kāi)發(fā)生產(chǎn)需要為研究的出發(fā)點(diǎn),緊密結(jié)合生產(chǎn)實(shí)際情況,研究解決了阿姆河右岸氣田鉆探過(guò)程中存在的瓶頸技術(shù)問(wèn)題,集成并發(fā)展了“三高”氣藏的定向井、水平井鉆井、噴漏同層安全鉆井技術(shù)、儲(chǔ)層保護(hù)技術(shù)和取心技術(shù),將顯著提高阿姆河右岸復(fù)雜鹽下氣藏的單井產(chǎn)量、鉆井成功率與機(jī)械鉆速,為安全、高效勘探開(kāi)發(fā)阿姆河右岸天然氣田提供了有力的技術(shù)支持和保障。
[Abstract]:The exploration and exploitation of the right bank gas field in the Amu river is becoming more and more complex and the drilling difficulty is becoming more and more difficult. It is urgent to provide a comprehensive solution to the bottleneck of the drilling engineering in this area. The drilling construction in this area has the following challenges: (1) complex geological and reservoir conditions and complex carbonate rocks The layer, hole, crack development and the large salt gypsum layer with high pressure salt water are unforeseeable, the risk is great, the drilling safety is not guaranteed. (2) the overlying strata are thick thick salt gypsum layer with high pressure salt water, the thickness of the salt gypsum rock cover is generally 400-1200m, the horizontal well trajectory control is difficult. Third, the underground structure of the block. Small scale and complex fracture development, there are many sets of high pressure brine layer, compound salt gypsum layer, leakage layer, collapse layer and slanting structural belt. The "three high" (high pressure, high yield, H2S) gas reservoir and leaky layer and the same layer of safety drilling technology requirements are higher. (4) combined with the previous 3 complex geological conditions, at the same time, because the early harvest rate is very low, With little experience, the coring technology of Turkmenistan complex salt gas field needs to be further promoted. Through collecting and analyzing the data of the right bank geology and drilling engineering, combining with the mature technology of "three high" wells at home and abroad, the technical solutions are put forward and the field test scheme is summarized. The following main achievements are obtained: (1) through the establishment of the Creep Mechanics Model and the logging data, the density window of the regional drilling fluid is determined. At the same time, the drilling fluid formula with good flow denaturation, strong anti salt paste pollution and anti collapse ability is developed, and the field implementation process is formulated. By testing and predicting the formation collapse pressure method, the collapse of the wellbore can be determined. Direction and size, determine the direction of ground stress, establish the three pressure section of the formation, and provide the basis for optimizing the well structure and determining the well wall instability technology. (2) the horizontal well in this area adopts the well structure of "three open three", at the same time, the different pressure systems above the reservoir and the huge thick gypsum rock layer are sealed, and the trajectory section of the seven section of the well is determined, "straight" - increase - increase - increase - stability - increase - leveling to reduce the influence of thick salt gypsum layer on the trajectory, which not only satisfies the site construction demand, effectively cope with the underground complex conditions, but also reduces the comprehensive cost of drilling. (3) it is put forward that the sealing seam is suitable for the drilling of the "spray leakage same layer" reservoir in the right bank of the Amu River, and the sealing seam of increasing the bearing capacity before the cementing is finished after the drill. Safety drilling technology, such as plugging technology. (4) the optimization of low solid drilling fluid formula with reservoir protection function: clear water +2%DFD-140 +2%CMJ-2+1%JYW1, +0.2%VP+0.4%ABSN+2%SMP-2+NaCl (0%- saturated with formate) (0%- saturation) + ultra-fine calcium carbonate +0.5 to 1% Zn2 (OH) 2CO3+NaOH (adjusting pH to 10-11). Temperature up to 150 degrees C, anti one price The salt reached 20%, anti calcium 5%, anti drilling cuttings pollution reached 20%, API filtration loss less than 3mL, high temperature and high pressure filtration loss (150) less than 15mL, the dynamic plastic ratio of normal temperature and high temperature were 0.5, the permeability recovery value was higher than 90%. (5) combined BXQX coring tool to develop a new type of coring tool suitable for the fractured strata of limestone in the area. In the field of core drill, a natural diamond core drill is developed to fit the core of the fractured stratum in the Turkmen area. Through the field application case analysis and comparative study, a set of coring technology suitable for the fractured stratum of the Turkman carbonate rock is finally found out. The paper takes the exploration and development of the right bank gas field as the starting point for research. In close combination with the actual situation of production, the bottleneck problem in the drilling process of the right bank of the Amu river is studied and solved. The directional well, the horizontal well drilling, the leakage of the same layer safety drilling technology, the reservoir protection technology and the coring technology will be integrated and developed, which will greatly improve the single under salt gas reservoir in the right bank of the Amu river. Well production, drilling success rate and mechanical penetration rate provide strong technical support and guarantee for safe and efficient exploration and development of Amhe right bank natural gas field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE242
，
本文編號(hào)：2165632
[Abstract]:The exploration and exploitation of the right bank gas field in the Amu river is becoming more and more complex and the drilling difficulty is becoming more and more difficult. It is urgent to provide a comprehensive solution to the bottleneck of the drilling engineering in this area. The drilling construction in this area has the following challenges: (1) complex geological and reservoir conditions and complex carbonate rocks The layer, hole, crack development and the large salt gypsum layer with high pressure salt water are unforeseeable, the risk is great, the drilling safety is not guaranteed. (2) the overlying strata are thick thick salt gypsum layer with high pressure salt water, the thickness of the salt gypsum rock cover is generally 400-1200m, the horizontal well trajectory control is difficult. Third, the underground structure of the block. Small scale and complex fracture development, there are many sets of high pressure brine layer, compound salt gypsum layer, leakage layer, collapse layer and slanting structural belt. The "three high" (high pressure, high yield, H2S) gas reservoir and leaky layer and the same layer of safety drilling technology requirements are higher. (4) combined with the previous 3 complex geological conditions, at the same time, because the early harvest rate is very low, With little experience, the coring technology of Turkmenistan complex salt gas field needs to be further promoted. Through collecting and analyzing the data of the right bank geology and drilling engineering, combining with the mature technology of "three high" wells at home and abroad, the technical solutions are put forward and the field test scheme is summarized. The following main achievements are obtained: (1) through the establishment of the Creep Mechanics Model and the logging data, the density window of the regional drilling fluid is determined. At the same time, the drilling fluid formula with good flow denaturation, strong anti salt paste pollution and anti collapse ability is developed, and the field implementation process is formulated. By testing and predicting the formation collapse pressure method, the collapse of the wellbore can be determined. Direction and size, determine the direction of ground stress, establish the three pressure section of the formation, and provide the basis for optimizing the well structure and determining the well wall instability technology. (2) the horizontal well in this area adopts the well structure of "three open three", at the same time, the different pressure systems above the reservoir and the huge thick gypsum rock layer are sealed, and the trajectory section of the seven section of the well is determined, "straight" - increase - increase - increase - stability - increase - leveling to reduce the influence of thick salt gypsum layer on the trajectory, which not only satisfies the site construction demand, effectively cope with the underground complex conditions, but also reduces the comprehensive cost of drilling. (3) it is put forward that the sealing seam is suitable for the drilling of the "spray leakage same layer" reservoir in the right bank of the Amu River, and the sealing seam of increasing the bearing capacity before the cementing is finished after the drill. Safety drilling technology, such as plugging technology. (4) the optimization of low solid drilling fluid formula with reservoir protection function: clear water +2%DFD-140 +2%CMJ-2+1%JYW1, +0.2%VP+0.4%ABSN+2%SMP-2+NaCl (0%- saturated with formate) (0%- saturation) + ultra-fine calcium carbonate +0.5 to 1% Zn2 (OH) 2CO3+NaOH (adjusting pH to 10-11). Temperature up to 150 degrees C, anti one price The salt reached 20%, anti calcium 5%, anti drilling cuttings pollution reached 20%, API filtration loss less than 3mL, high temperature and high pressure filtration loss (150) less than 15mL, the dynamic plastic ratio of normal temperature and high temperature were 0.5, the permeability recovery value was higher than 90%. (5) combined BXQX coring tool to develop a new type of coring tool suitable for the fractured strata of limestone in the area. In the field of core drill, a natural diamond core drill is developed to fit the core of the fractured stratum in the Turkmen area. Through the field application case analysis and comparative study, a set of coring technology suitable for the fractured stratum of the Turkman carbonate rock is finally found out. The paper takes the exploration and development of the right bank gas field as the starting point for research. In close combination with the actual situation of production, the bottleneck problem in the drilling process of the right bank of the Amu river is studied and solved. The directional well, the horizontal well drilling, the leakage of the same layer safety drilling technology, the reservoir protection technology and the coring technology will be integrated and developed, which will greatly improve the single under salt gas reservoir in the right bank of the Amu river. Well production, drilling success rate and mechanical penetration rate provide strong technical support and guarantee for safe and efficient exploration and development of Amhe right bank natural gas field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE242
，
本文編號(hào)：2165632
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