【摘要】：四川疊合盆地是在四川海相克拉通盆地基礎(chǔ)上形成的。本文利用最新的鉆井資料、地震資料及其研究成果,詳細(xì)闡述了四川海相克拉通盆地在顯生宙的演化階段及其特征。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),四川海相克拉通盆地顯生宙演化可分為早晚兩期,早期為晚震旦世-石炭紀(jì),晚期為二疊紀(jì)-中三疊世。兩期克拉通演化都經(jīng)歷了早期弱拉張,后期弱擠壓階段。弱拉張初始階段都有一次海相碳酸鹽巖的大面積穩(wěn)定沉積(震旦系燈影組和二疊系棲霞-茅口組)和隨后的隆升剝蝕作用及風(fēng)化殼巖溶作用。其后進(jìn)入弱拉張期,發(fā)育拉張槽,拉張強(qiáng)度最大的部位均位于克拉通的西北部,都是從克拉通的西北部邊緣向克拉通內(nèi)部減弱。然而,兩期拉張槽的充填特征不同,早寒武世綿陽-長寧拉張槽是補(bǔ)償型充填,與拉張槽周緣相比,拉張槽內(nèi)沉積厚度巨大;晚二疊世-早三疊世開江-梁平拉張槽為欠補(bǔ)償型充填,與拉張槽周緣相比,拉張槽內(nèi)沉積厚度非常薄。拉張期結(jié)束后進(jìn)入弱擠壓階段,形成古隆起,擠壓強(qiáng)度最大的部位均位于克拉通的西南部,都是從克拉通的西南邊緣向克拉通內(nèi)部減弱。弱拉張階段的拉張槽與弱擠壓階段的古隆起均為大角度相交關(guān)系;然而,拉張槽和古隆起的規(guī)模差別較大,早寒武世綿陽-長寧拉張槽面積約5.4×10~4km~2,對應(yīng)的加里東期樂山-龍女寺古隆起面積6×10~4km~2;晚二疊世-早三疊世開江-梁平拉張槽面積約2.0×10~4km~2,對應(yīng)的印支期開江古隆起面積0.8×10~4km~2;晚二疊世-早三疊世蓬溪-武勝拉張槽面積約1.5×10~4km~2,對應(yīng)的印支期瀘州古隆起面積4.2×10~4km~2。綿陽-長寧拉張槽的規(guī)模比開江-梁平拉張槽、蓬溪-武勝拉張槽要大,樂山-龍女寺古隆起的規(guī)模也大于瀘州-開江古隆起的規(guī)模。四川海相克拉通盆地顯生宙演化特征在很大程度上控制了四川疊合盆地海相油氣地質(zhì)條件的發(fā)育和油氣藏的形成分布。
[Abstract]:Sichuan superimposed basin was formed on the basis of Sichuan marine craton basin. Based on the latest drilling data, seismic data and their research results, the evolution stage and characteristics of Sichuan marine craton basin in Phanerozoic are described in detail in this paper. The results show that the Phanerozoic evolution of the marine craton basin in Sichuan Province can be divided into two stages: the late Sinian Carboniferous and the late Permian-Middle Triassic. Both stages of craton evolution have experienced early weak tensioning and late weak compression. There is a large area stable deposit of marine carbonate rocks (Dengying formation of Sinian system and Qixia-maokou formation of Permian system) and subsequent uplift and denudation and weathering crust karstification in the initial stage of weak tension. After that, the tensioning trough developed, and the most tensional positions were located in the northwestern part of the craton, which weakened from the northwestern margin of the craton to the interior of the craton. However, the filling characteristics of the two extensional grooves are different. The early Cambrian Mianyang-Changning extensional trough is a compensatory filling, and the sedimentary thickness in the tensioning trough is huge compared with the surrounding margin of the tensioning trough. The late Permian-early Triassic Kaijiang-Liangping extensional trough is undercompensated filling, and the sedimentary thickness of the tensioning trough is very thin compared with the margin of the extensional trough. At the end of the extensional period, it entered the stage of weak extrusion and formed paleouplift. The most extruded parts are located in the southwest of the craton, and are weakened from the southwestern margin of the craton to the interior of the craton. The relation between the tensioning trough in the weak tensioning stage and the paleo uplift in the weak extrusion stage is large angle intersecting, however, the scale of the tensioning trough and the paleouplift is quite different. The area of the early Cambrian Mianyang-Changning extensional trough is about 5.4 脳 104km2, the corresponding area of the Caledonian Leshan-Longnusi ancient uplift is 6 脳 10104km2, the area of the late Permian-early Triassic Kaijiang-Liangping extensional trough is about 2.0 脳 104km2and the corresponding area of the Indosinian Kaijiang uplift is 0.8 脳 104km2. In the late Permian-early Triassic Pengxi-Wusheng extension trough area is about 1.5 脳 10 ~ 4 km ~ 2, corresponding to the Indosinian Luzhou paleouplift area 4.2 脳 10 ~ (4) km ~ (-1) ~ (2). The scale of the extension trough of Mianyang-Changning is larger than that of Kaijiang-Liangping and Pengxi-Wusheng. The scale of ancient uplift of Leshan-Longnusi is larger than that of Luzhou-Kaijiang. The characteristics of Phanerozoic evolution in Sichuan marine craton basin control to a great extent the development of marine oil and gas geological conditions and the formation and distribution of oil and gas reservoirs in Sichuan superimposed basin.
【作者單位】： 油氣藏地質(zhì)及開發(fā)工程國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(成都理工大學(xué));中國石油川慶鉆探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司;中國石油西南油氣田分公司勘探開發(fā)研究院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)重點(diǎn)基金項(xiàng)目(41230313) 中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局項(xiàng)目(121201021000150009) 國家“973”項(xiàng)目(2012CB214805)聯(lián)合資助
【分類號】：P534.4;P618.13

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