氣井井筒瞬態(tài)溫度壓力耦合模型研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-21 19:56
【摘要】：天然氣氣藏在我國分布廣泛。實(shí)現(xiàn)氣藏的高效開發(fā),應(yīng)做好對氣藏的動態(tài)監(jiān)測,最基礎(chǔ)的是對單井井筒壓力、溫度數(shù)據(jù)的監(jiān)測。獲得數(shù)據(jù)的方法有兩種：一是下井下壓力計(jì)、溫度計(jì)實(shí)測壓力溫度分布；二是通過井口數(shù)據(jù)和產(chǎn)出流體性質(zhì)等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),通過井筒溫度壓力模型來計(jì)算井筒溫度、壓力分布。目前許多復(fù)雜井況的氣井難以下入測試儀器進(jìn)行監(jiān)測,只能通過第二種方法獲得井底數(shù)據(jù)。而傳統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)井筒溫度壓力模型難以解決復(fù)雜問題,因此需要展開對井筒瞬態(tài)溫度壓力模型的研究。 本文對氣井生產(chǎn)過程中的井筒溫度和壓力隨時(shí)間的變化問題開展了相關(guān)研究,主要開展了以下工作：從傳熱學(xué)和熱力學(xué)相關(guān)參數(shù)介紹出發(fā),介紹了固體、流體、固體與流體間的熱物性參數(shù)；通過對原有井筒瞬態(tài)傳熱模型進(jìn)行分析,指出其在模型假設(shè)條件上處理的不當(dāng)之處,并建立了更貼近真實(shí)井筒傳熱過程的“井筒-地層瞬態(tài)傳熱模型”,并結(jié)合井筒流體能量守恒方程推導(dǎo)了井筒瞬態(tài)溫度模型；介紹了常用井筒單相管流壓力模型,并對井筒兩相管流壓力模型進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)與優(yōu)選；將所建立的井筒瞬態(tài)溫度模型與優(yōu)選的井筒壓力模型進(jìn)行耦合,并通過程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)其功能,在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了對比驗(yàn)證、敏感性分析和實(shí)例應(yīng)用等相關(guān)研究,得到了以下結(jié)論和認(rèn)識： (1)熱物性參數(shù)沿井深變化顯著,不能簡單考慮為定值。 (2)傳統(tǒng)的井筒溫度模型假設(shè)條件存在不足——這類模型將井筒傳熱考慮為穩(wěn)態(tài)傳熱,由此建立的井筒-地層瞬態(tài)傳熱模型可以克服該缺陷。 (3)熱量在井筒-地層中的傳遞存在5個典型階段,分別為：初期階段、熱量在井筒內(nèi)做穩(wěn)定徑向?qū)犭A段、熱量從井筒向地層過渡階段、熱量在地層內(nèi)做徑向?qū)犭A段以及反應(yīng)外邊界條件階段,且敏感性分析表明無量綱距離、無量綱導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)和無量綱單位體積熱容對井筒-地層瞬態(tài)傳熱有一定的影響。 (4)不管是采用152組測壓數(shù)據(jù)還是氣液比小于2000m3/m3的測壓數(shù)據(jù)做兩相管流模型評價(jià),改進(jìn)的HasanKabir模型均具有較高的計(jì)算精度。從模型理論基礎(chǔ)與計(jì)算精度兩者看來,推薦采用HasanKabir模型進(jìn)行兩相管流壓降計(jì)算。 (5)開展了模型對比驗(yàn)證和實(shí)例分析,得到以下認(rèn)識：①采用PIPESIM、COMSOL軟件進(jìn)行相關(guān)計(jì)算,與本模型計(jì)算結(jié)果吻合程度高,②不耦合溫度下的壓力計(jì)算和不耦合壓力下的溫度計(jì)算值與耦合模型相比誤差較大,③常用的Ramey模型和HasanKabir模型計(jì)算精度欠缺,④產(chǎn)氣量、產(chǎn)水量、流體比熱、水泥環(huán)導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)對井筒溫度剖面影響很大；環(huán)空流體自然對流換熱系數(shù)對其有一定影響；地層巖石導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、流體導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、油管流體強(qiáng)制對流換熱系數(shù)和環(huán)空輻射傳熱系數(shù)對其幾乎沒有影響,同時(shí)產(chǎn)氣量、產(chǎn)水量對井筒壓力剖面影響較大,其余參數(shù)對其影響相對有限,⑤提供了一種通過本模型來解決高溫高壓氣井產(chǎn)能測試過程中不穩(wěn)定條件下解決問題的方法。
[Abstract]:Natural gas reservoirs are widely distributed in our country . In order to realize the efficient development of gas reservoirs , the dynamic monitoring of gas reservoirs should be done well , and the monitoring of the pressure and temperature data of single well bores is the most basic . There are two methods for obtaining the data : one is the downhole pressure gauge , the temperature distribution of the measured pressure of the thermometer ;
The wellbore temperature and pressure distribution are calculated by wellbore temperature pressure model , which is difficult to solve complex problems . Therefore , it is necessary to study the transient temperature pressure model of wellbore .
In this paper , the problems of wellbore temperature and pressure over time during the production of gas wells are studied . The following tasks are mainly carried out : the thermal physical property parameters of solids , fluids , solids and fluids are introduced from the introduction of heat transfer and thermodynamics related parameters ;
Through the analysis of the transient heat transfer model of the existing wellbore , it is pointed out that it is not the same as that of the model hypothesis , and establishes a " wellbore - formation transient heat transfer model " that is closer to the real wellbore heat transfer process , and derives the transient temperature model of the wellbore in combination with the wellbore fluid energy conservation equation ;
This paper introduces the common wellbore single - phase pipe flow pressure model , and improves and optimizes the two - phase flow pressure model of wellbore .
The established wellbore transient temperature model is coupled with the preferred wellbore pressure model , and its function is realized through program . On the basis of this , the following conclusions and understandings are obtained :
( 1 ) The thermal property parameters vary significantly along the well depth , which cannot be simply considered as fixed value .
( 2 ) The traditional wellbore temperature model assumes that the condition exists under the condition that the wellbore heat transfer is considered to be a steady state heat transfer , and the established wellbore - formation transient heat transfer model can overcome the defect .
( 3 ) There are five typical stages in the transfer of heat in the wellbore - formation . In the initial stage , the heat is stable radial heat conduction stage in the well bore . The heat is transferred from the wellbore to the formation transitional stage . The heat is in the formation of the radial heat conduction stage and the outer boundary condition stage of the reaction , and the sensitivity analysis shows that the dimensionless distance , dimensionless heat conductivity coefficient and dimensionless unit volume heat capacity have a certain influence on the wellbore - formation transient heat transfer .
( 4 ) The improved HasanKabir model has higher computational accuracy , whether by using 152 sets of pressure measurement data or gas - liquid ratio less than 2000m3 / m3 , and the HasanKabir model is recommended to calculate the pressure drop of two - phase tube from both the theoretical basis and calculation precision of the model .
( 5 ) The model contrast verification and the case analysis are carried out to get the following understanding : ( 1 ) Using the PIPESIM and COMSOL software for correlation calculation , the calculation results agree well with the calculation results of this model , 鈶，
本文編號：2136690
[Abstract]:Natural gas reservoirs are widely distributed in our country . In order to realize the efficient development of gas reservoirs , the dynamic monitoring of gas reservoirs should be done well , and the monitoring of the pressure and temperature data of single well bores is the most basic . There are two methods for obtaining the data : one is the downhole pressure gauge , the temperature distribution of the measured pressure of the thermometer ;
The wellbore temperature and pressure distribution are calculated by wellbore temperature pressure model , which is difficult to solve complex problems . Therefore , it is necessary to study the transient temperature pressure model of wellbore .
In this paper , the problems of wellbore temperature and pressure over time during the production of gas wells are studied . The following tasks are mainly carried out : the thermal physical property parameters of solids , fluids , solids and fluids are introduced from the introduction of heat transfer and thermodynamics related parameters ;
Through the analysis of the transient heat transfer model of the existing wellbore , it is pointed out that it is not the same as that of the model hypothesis , and establishes a " wellbore - formation transient heat transfer model " that is closer to the real wellbore heat transfer process , and derives the transient temperature model of the wellbore in combination with the wellbore fluid energy conservation equation ;
This paper introduces the common wellbore single - phase pipe flow pressure model , and improves and optimizes the two - phase flow pressure model of wellbore .
The established wellbore transient temperature model is coupled with the preferred wellbore pressure model , and its function is realized through program . On the basis of this , the following conclusions and understandings are obtained :
( 1 ) The thermal property parameters vary significantly along the well depth , which cannot be simply considered as fixed value .
( 2 ) The traditional wellbore temperature model assumes that the condition exists under the condition that the wellbore heat transfer is considered to be a steady state heat transfer , and the established wellbore - formation transient heat transfer model can overcome the defect .
( 3 ) There are five typical stages in the transfer of heat in the wellbore - formation . In the initial stage , the heat is stable radial heat conduction stage in the well bore . The heat is transferred from the wellbore to the formation transitional stage . The heat is in the formation of the radial heat conduction stage and the outer boundary condition stage of the reaction , and the sensitivity analysis shows that the dimensionless distance , dimensionless heat conductivity coefficient and dimensionless unit volume heat capacity have a certain influence on the wellbore - formation transient heat transfer .
( 4 ) The improved HasanKabir model has higher computational accuracy , whether by using 152 sets of pressure measurement data or gas - liquid ratio less than 2000m3 / m3 , and the HasanKabir model is recommended to calculate the pressure drop of two - phase tube from both the theoretical basis and calculation precision of the model .
( 5 ) The model contrast verification and the case analysis are carried out to get the following understanding : ( 1 ) Using the PIPESIM and COMSOL software for correlation calculation , the calculation results agree well with the calculation results of this model , 鈶，
本文編號：2136690
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