【摘要】：海洋油氣資源的勘探與開發(fā)是我國能源發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,隨著我國海洋油氣工業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,FPSO(Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units)在渤海、南海等海域油氣開采作業(yè)中應(yīng)用愈發(fā)廣泛。FPSO工藝系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜,設(shè)備布置緊密,作業(yè)環(huán)境惡劣,作業(yè)風(fēng)險高。油氣泄漏引發(fā)的火災(zāi)爆炸事故是FPSO面臨的最嚴重的風(fēng)險,不僅會造成設(shè)備損壞、船體報廢、重大人員傷亡,還將引發(fā)環(huán)境災(zāi)難。課題結(jié)合國家安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理總局2014年安全生產(chǎn)重大事故防治關(guān)鍵技術(shù)科技項目“FPSO油氣泄漏、燃爆連鎖事故風(fēng)險分析及管控技術(shù)研究”,開展FPSO油氣泄漏燃爆風(fēng)險量化評估和安全保障技術(shù)研究,為提高FPSO作業(yè)風(fēng)險控制能力、保障FPSO作業(yè)安全高效進行提供理論支持和技術(shù)保障。課題主要研究進展如下:1.FPSO油氣泄漏、燃爆連鎖事故分析通過調(diào)研英國健康安全執(zhí)行署事故報告,研究英國北海大陸架作業(yè)區(qū)油氣泄漏風(fēng)險,分析泄漏源、泄漏類型、泄漏分級、泄漏原因等以及作業(yè)區(qū)FPSO小型、中型、重大油氣泄漏事故發(fā)生頻率。通過調(diào)研和建模,采用四種計算模型分析FPSO油氣燃爆事故發(fā)生頻率,計算結(jié)果數(shù)量級可大致判斷FPSO油氣泄漏及燃爆風(fēng)險危險性。2.泄漏油氣爆炸載荷下FPSO結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng)分析建立油氣泄漏擴散模型,利用FLUNET軟件分析原油熱處理器泄漏后油氣擴散過程和可燃氣云分布范圍。根據(jù)等效TNT法確定可燃氣云的TNT當量,利用爆炸分析軟件AUTODYN分析爆炸沖擊波傳播過程和設(shè)備對其傳播路徑的影響,分析爆炸沖擊波載荷下各模塊設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)的動態(tài)響應(yīng)過程及其彈塑性狀態(tài)變化。比較不同泄漏油氣當量TNT爆炸后沖擊波傳播過程及結(jié)構(gòu)受損情況,確定泄漏孔徑對燃爆風(fēng)險的影響。3.泄漏油氣火災(zāi)下FPSO結(jié)構(gòu)損傷評估研究建立油氣燃燒過程數(shù)值仿真模型,利用FLUENT軟件分析火焰發(fā)展過程及各區(qū)域溫度、熱輻射變化規(guī)律。結(jié)合FLUENT和WORKBENCH熱分析模塊,分析火災(zāi)下結(jié)構(gòu)溫度分布。建立熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合分析模型,分析火災(zāi)載荷下結(jié)構(gòu)熱變形和應(yīng)力分布,評估設(shè)備受損情況。設(shè)置不同泄漏工況和環(huán)境條件,分析油氣泄漏量和來風(fēng)風(fēng)速對火焰發(fā)展、火災(zāi)載荷、結(jié)構(gòu)損傷情況的影響。4.FPSO油氣泄漏、燃爆連鎖事故風(fēng)險控制策略研究從安全屏障角度開展FPSO油氣泄漏燃爆連鎖風(fēng)險防控策略研究。建立事故Bow-tie模型,從泄漏控制失效、火源控制失效、油氣積聚控制失效方面分析事故原因,從人員、設(shè)備和環(huán)境方面分析事故后果。建立預(yù)防FPSO燃爆事故發(fā)生和降低FPSO燃爆事故后果的安全屏障,降低燃爆風(fēng)險。建立安全屏障失效分析模型,包括活動失效和潛伏失效,分析屏障失效模式。
[Abstract]:The exploration and exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources is the strategy of energy development in China. With the vigorous development of offshore oil and gas industry in China, the application of FPSO (floating production Storage and offloading Units) in the Bohai Sea and the South China Sea is becoming more and more extensive. The equipment arrangement is tight, the working environment is bad, the operation risk is high. The fire and explosion accident caused by oil and gas leakage is the most serious risk faced by FPSO, which will not only cause equipment damage, hull scrapping, heavy casualties, but also lead to environmental disaster. The subject combines with the key technology and technology project "FPSO oil and gas leakage, explosion chain accident risk analysis and control technology research" of the State Administration of production Safety Supervision and Administration, 2014, which is the key technology for the prevention and control of major accidents in production safety. In order to improve the risk control ability of FPSO and ensure the safety and efficiency of FPSO, the quantitative evaluation of the oil and gas leakage and explosion risk and the research of safety technology are carried out in order to provide theoretical and technical support. The main research progress of this paper is as follows: 1. Oil and gas leakage of FPSO. Analysis of chain explosion accident. Through investigation and investigation of the accident report of the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive Agency, the risk of oil and gas leakage in the operation area of the North Sea continental shelf in Britain, the analysis of the source, type, and classification of the leakage, Leakage causes, and FPSO small, medium, major oil and gas leakage accident frequency. Through investigation and modeling, four kinds of calculation models are used to analyze the occurrence frequency of FPSO oil and gas explosion accidents. The order of magnitude of the calculation results can roughly judge the risk of FPSO oil and gas leakage and explosion risk. The oil and gas leakage diffusion model was established by the structural response analysis of FPSO under the leaking oil and gas explosion load. The oil and gas diffusion process and the distribution range of the gas cloud after the oil thermal processor leakage were analyzed by Flunet software. According to the equivalent TNT method, the TNT equivalent of the gas cloud is determined. The explosion analysis software AUTODYN is used to analyze the propagation process of the blast wave and the influence of the equipment on its propagation path. The dynamic response process and elastic-plastic state change of each module structure under blast wave load are analyzed. The shock wave propagation process and structure damage after TNT explosion with different leakage oil and gas equivalent were compared, and the influence of leak aperture on explosion risk was determined. Study on damage Assessment of FPSO structure under Oil and Gas leakage Fire the numerical simulation model of oil-gas combustion process is established. The flame development process and temperature and heat radiation variation in different regions are analyzed by fluent software. Combining fluent and WORKBENCH thermal analysis module, the structure temperature distribution under fire is analyzed. The thermal-structural coupling analysis model is established to analyze the thermal deformation and stress distribution of the structure under fire load and to evaluate the damage of the equipment. The effects of oil and gas leakage and wind speed on flame development, fire load and structural damage are analyzed by setting different leakage conditions and environmental conditions. 4. FPSO oil and gas leakage. Study on the risk Control Strategy of explosion chain Accidents; from the point of view of safety barrier, the research on the chain risk control strategy of FPSO oil and gas leakage is carried out. An accident Bow-tie model is established to analyze the causes of the accident from the aspects of leakage control failure, fire source control failure, oil and gas accumulation control failure, and the accident consequences from the aspects of personnel, equipment and environment. A safety barrier is established to prevent the occurrence of FPSO explosion accident and to reduce the consequences of FPSO explosion accident, and to reduce the risk of explosion. A safety barrier failure analysis model is established, including active failure and latent failure, and barrier failure mode is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE58

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 ;大連造船新廠將建15萬噸級FPSO[J];中國海洋平臺;1999年06期

2 王勇;巴西石油公司調(diào)查FPSO傾斜事件[J];國外油田工程;2003年05期

3 魏海;唐衛(wèi)軍;陸文龍;;蓬萊19—3FPSO和渤中25—1FPSO設(shè)計對比分析[J];石油礦場機械;2006年01期

4 魏海;;蓬萊19-3 FPSO和渤中25-1 FPSO設(shè)計的一些特點研究[J];中國海洋平臺;2006年04期

5 ;China's First 300,000-ton FPSO Put into Service[J];China Oil & Gas;2006年04期

6 單連政;董本京;劉猛;王芹;李瑩;齊敦蘇;;FPSO技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢[J];石油礦場機械;2008年10期

7 顏文濤;王勇;戴燕;梁光輝;;FPSO限位技術(shù)[J];海洋地質(zhì)動態(tài);2010年05期

8 楊勇;鄭曉濤;莊繼澤;;FPSO產(chǎn)業(yè)的精細化管理與創(chuàng)新發(fā)展[J];中國信息界;2011年07期

9 王天英;馮永訓(xùn);;新概念FPSO最新研究進展[J];船海工程;2011年05期

10 劉雪宜;;內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)塔單點式FPSO的拖航和連接[J];石油工程建設(shè);2012年06期

相關(guān)會議論文 前10條

1 于有利;鄭曉濤;劉瑜珩;;淺議FPSO技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢[A];2009年度海洋工程學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集（上冊）[C];2009年

2 孫波;;按國際海洋工程標準建造管理的Belanak FPSO項目[A];2003年度海洋工程學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];2003年

3 張武奎;劉振國;宋儒鑫;;發(fā)展中的浮式生產(chǎn)儲卸油裝置(FPSO)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)[A];2005年度海洋工程學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];2005年

4 張振翔;陳觀豪;劉振國;;FPSO設(shè)備操作維護與管理[A];2006年度海洋工程學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];2006年

5 ;A Study on Oil-Mass Distribution Simulation and Hydroelastic Response of Very Large FPSO[A];Selected Papers of the Chinese Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers[C];2006年

6 李士濤;于長生;商濤;李鵬;劉富鵬;;不停產(chǎn)狀態(tài)下運用單拖輪對FPSO限位的可行性研究[A];2012年度海洋工程學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];2012年

7 羅勇;;世界油氣開采中的FPSO[A];2003年度海洋工程學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];2003年

8 梅華東;祝濤;王曉蕾;;FPSO上部模塊簡化疲勞分析[A];’2008全國鋼結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2008年

9 范模;;八角形FPSO關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與應(yīng)用探索[A];中國造船工程學(xué)會2007年優(yōu)秀學(xué)術(shù)論文集[C];2008年

10 胡雪峰;林影煉;陳捷俊;劉偉強;;FPSO現(xiàn)場回接技術(shù)[A];2010年度海洋工程學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];2010年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前10條

1 通訊員 周丙輝;30萬噸FPSO關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究通過工信部驗收[N];中國船舶報;2009年

2 記者 胡毓;迎接安全新挑戰(zhàn) FPSO期待技術(shù)完善[N];中國船舶報;2011年

3 柳鶯;FPSO船：風(fēng)景這邊獨好[N];中國船舶報;2002年

4 記者 魏敬民;新船重工又獲FPSO船訂單[N];中國船舶報;2003年

5 本報記者 隆 嘯;FPSO市場空間誘人 渤海灣有望成為中國第二大油田　[N];中國工業(yè)報;2005年

6 青北;北船重工承修13萬噸FPSO船[N];中國船舶報;2006年

7 本報記者 陳yN淼;打造核心能力 中海油挑戰(zhàn)世界FPSO巨頭[N];中國工業(yè)報;2008年

8 張志勇;FPSO船改裝市場近況[N];中國船舶報;2004年

9 記者 張Z，

本文編號：2130273