【摘要】：以污水培養(yǎng)富油微藻既可以凈化污水,又能得到可以生產(chǎn)生物柴油的微藻。油脂提取是微藻生物柴油產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中十分重要的環(huán)節(jié),但目前其工業(yè)化前景并不樂觀。本實驗的目的是建立一套具有工業(yè)化前景的濕法提脂工藝,主要包括在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟上可實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的破壁方法的建立和低毒提取溶劑的選取。本論文首先研究了脈沖電場破壁小球藻過程中各因素的影響作用,其次對影響脈沖電場破壁的因素進行油脂提取的單因子和多因子的優(yōu)化,得到輔助提取的最佳條件,并探討了脈沖電場輔助提取的作用機理,然后優(yōu)化篩選出一種提取效果好、毒性小的能夠替代氯仿的溶劑,最后,對整個濕法提脂工藝的工業(yè)化可行性進行分析。本論文主要研究成果如下:通過單因子實驗和正交實驗得到的最佳參數(shù)為:場強20 k V/cm,流速5.4L/h,頻率130 Hz,脈寬6μs,循環(huán)次數(shù)3次。該條件下油脂提取率為61.1%,FAME產(chǎn)率為11.2%,與傳統(tǒng)方法相比分別提高了15.9%和9.8%。以人工污水培養(yǎng)時,油脂提取率和FAME產(chǎn)率分別為63.2%和11.9%;以實際污水培養(yǎng)時,油脂提取率和FAME產(chǎn)率分別為61.4%和11.5%,二者并無明顯差異。通過油脂成分分析,證明脈沖電場輔助法能夠提高油脂提取率和FAME產(chǎn)率,但不會改變所提取的油脂的成分。脈沖電場作用下導(dǎo)致的細胞內(nèi)物質(zhì)溶出,是脈沖電場使油脂提取率升高的原因之一,細胞內(nèi)油脂并未損失;熒光染色和掃描電鏡實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)脈沖電場作用下小球藻細胞的細胞膜完整性遭到破壞;脈沖電場處理能夠有效地縮短油脂提取時間,與傳統(tǒng)方法相比大概縮短了4 h。正己烷/乙醇可以替代氯仿甲醇作為油脂提取的溶劑,提取條件為:溶劑配比3:2,液料比1:1,提取時間28 h。脈沖電場-正己烷/乙醇法的油脂提取率為54.4%,FAME產(chǎn)率為10.5%,分別達到傳統(tǒng)方法的106.7%和91.9%。
[Abstract]:Oil-rich microalgae can not only purify sewage but also produce biodiesel. Oil extraction is a very important link in microalgae biodiesel industry chain, but its industrialization prospect is not optimistic. The purpose of this experiment is to establish a set of wet liposuction technology with the prospect of industrialization, mainly including the establishment of the wall breaking method and the selection of low toxicity extraction solvent which can realize industrialization technically and economically. In this paper, the influence of various factors in the process of breaking the wall of Chlorella vulgaris by pulsed electric field was studied, then the factors affecting the breaking of the wall of the pulse electric field were optimized by single factor and multi-factor of oil extraction, and the optimum conditions of auxiliary extraction were obtained. The mechanism of pulsed electric field assisted extraction was discussed, and then a solvent with good extraction effect and little toxicity was selected. Finally, the industrialization feasibility of the whole wet extraction process was analyzed. The main results of this paper are as follows: the optimum parameters obtained by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment are as follows: field strength 20 kV / cm, flow rate 5.4 L / h, frequency 130 Hz, pulse width 6 渭 s, cycle times 3 times. Under this condition, the oil extraction rate was 61.1% and the yield of facie was 11.2%, which was 15.9% and 9.8% higher than that of the traditional method, respectively. The oil extraction rate and fat yield were 63.2% and 11.9% in artificial sewage culture, and 61.4% and 11.5% in actual sewage culture, respectively. There was no significant difference between them. It is proved by the analysis of oil composition that the extraction rate and fat yield can be improved by pulsed electric field assisted method, but the composition of the extracted oil can not be changed. The dissolution of intracellular substances induced by pulsed electric field is one of the reasons why the extraction rate of oil is increased by pulsed electric field, and the intracellular oil is not lost. Fluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that the cell membrane integrity of Chlorella vulgaris cells was damaged under pulsed electric field, and the extraction time of oil was shortened by pulsed electric field treatment, which was about 4 hours shorter than that of traditional methods. N-hexane / ethanol can replace chloroform methanol as solvent for oil extraction. The extraction conditions are as follows: solvent ratio 3: 2, liquid-material ratio 1: 1, extraction time 28 h. The extraction rate of oil by pulsed electric field-n-hexane / ethanol method was 54.4% and 10.5%, which reached 106.7% and 91.9% of the traditional method, respectively.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE667

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本文編號：2119080