本文選題：水力瞬變理論 + MATLAB編程　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,通過管道進行長距離輸油已經(jīng)逐漸的占據(jù)了油品輸送方式的重要部分,這種運輸工具是一種專門由生產(chǎn)地向市場輸送的方式,是整個運輸網(wǎng)絡中主干線輸送的組成部分。但是隨之產(chǎn)生的管道漏失嚴重影響著運輸?shù)某杀?尤其是長距離輸油管線的泄露不僅使自然環(huán)境受到了污染,而且浪費了寶貴的不可再生資源。在資源逐漸匱乏的未來,解決輸油管道漏失刻不容緩。當長距離輸油管線發(fā)生漏失時,精確的獲知漏失位置和漏失量等參數(shù)值是有效解決問題的基礎,需要尋找一種快捷,精準的方式得到漏失參數(shù)。論文圍繞長輸油管線的漏失檢測進行分析,利用等溫輸油管道的實驗臺,對有無漏失情況、不同漏失點、不同漏失量等單一變量工況進行實驗測量,針對得到的數(shù)據(jù)進行處理分析。基于瞬變流的水擊理論,使用特征線法,利用MATLAB軟件進行編程,對長距離輸油管道的漏失檢測進行數(shù)值分析。通過實驗的數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)值計算的結果進行對比,得到壓力響應的結果。結果顯示漏失出現(xiàn)之后,由于物質(zhì)流失而引發(fā)的局部密度減小,導致瞬時壓降和速度差等現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生,這種壓力呈現(xiàn)的變化在整個管道中傳播,影響著壓力檢測點出現(xiàn)了不同于無漏失的壓力響應規(guī)律。漏失的瞬變壓力響應幅值低于無漏失瞬變工況,而且衰減強烈;隨著漏失點位置距離水錘發(fā)生源越近,壓力響應的振幅會越小,衰減較快,故而在檢測漏失時,外界給予的激勵應當選取水擊發(fā)生源距離漏失點較遠的位置。而壓力檢測點的不同位置亦檢測到了不同的壓力響應,距離水擊發(fā)生源位置越近,壓力響應越明顯,振蕩更加清晰,故壓力檢測點選取振幅較大、衰減較慢的壓力點更加合理,也就是與水擊發(fā)生源距離較近的點作為壓力檢測點更能夠提高漏失檢測的準確性。通過實驗操作和MATLAB編程進行數(shù)值計算,實現(xiàn)了實驗和數(shù)值模擬相結合的方式,提供了對于在日后實際工程中,以軟件為主、硬件為輔的結合分析方式。利用真實測得的實驗數(shù)據(jù)作為響應進行整個系統(tǒng)的尋優(yōu)計算,利用反問題分析的方法對整個長距離輸油管道進行漏失系統(tǒng)辨識。將數(shù)值模擬的計算結果和實驗中的數(shù)據(jù)進行迭代實現(xiàn)最優(yōu)化,通過MATLAB編程得到當漏失在管道中發(fā)生,各點的壓力值對漏失的敏感度分析,敏感度較高的位置點對于漏失的響應更為顯著,這對于在實際管路中設置壓力檢測點提供了重要的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, long-distance oil transportation through pipelines has gradually occupied an important part of the oil product transportation mode, which is a special mode of transportation from production places to the market. It is an integral part of the main line transportation in the whole transportation network. However, the resulting pipeline leakage seriously affects the transportation cost, especially the leakage of long-distance oil pipelines not only pollutes the natural environment, but also wastes valuable non-renewable resources. In the future of resource scarcity, it is urgent to solve the leakage of oil pipeline. When leakage occurs in long distance pipeline, it is necessary to find a quick and accurate way to get the leakage parameters, which is the basis of solving the problem. In this paper, the leakage detection of long oil pipeline is analyzed, and the single variable conditions, such as leakage, different leakage points and different leakage amount, are measured by using the experiment bench of isothermal oil pipeline. Based on the instantaneous water hammer theory, the characteristic line method and MATLAB software are used to program the leakage detection of long distance oil pipeline. The results of pressure response are obtained by comparing the experimental data with the numerical results. The results show that the local density caused by material loss decreases after the leakage occurs, resulting in the occurrence of instantaneous pressure drop and velocity difference, and the variation of the pressure appears to propagate through the whole pipeline. The pressure response law of pressure detection points is different from that of no leakage. The amplitude of the transient pressure response of the leakage is lower than that of the non-leakage transient condition, and the attenuation is strong. The smaller the amplitude of the pressure response is and the faster the pressure response is when the leakage point is close to the source of the water hammer, so when the leakage is detected, The source of water hammer should be located far from the leakage point. Different pressure responses are also detected at different locations of the pressure detection points. The closer the location of the water hammer source is, the more obvious the pressure response is and the more clear the oscillation is, so the amplitude of the pressure detection point is larger, and the pressure point with slower attenuation is more reasonable. That is, the point close to the water source can improve the accuracy of leak detection. Through the experiment operation and MATLAB programming, the method of combining experiment and numerical simulation is realized, and the method of combining software and hardware is provided. The real measured experimental data are used as the response to the optimization calculation of the whole system, and the leakage system identification of the whole long-distance oil pipeline is carried out by using the inverse problem analysis method. The results of numerical simulation and experimental data are iterated to realize the optimization, and the sensitivity analysis of the pressure values of each point to the leakage is obtained by MATLAB programming when the leakage occurs in the pipeline. The response to leakage is more significant at the point with higher sensitivity, which provides an important reference for setting up pressure detection points in the actual pipeline.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE973.6

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本文編號：2097839