本文選題：三維數(shù)字巖心 + 多點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)法�。� 參考：《中國石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：面對(duì)巨大的能源需求,人們開始更多地關(guān)注非常規(guī)石油天然氣資源。非常規(guī)油氣儲(chǔ)層巖心致密,非均質(zhì)性強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致巖石物理性質(zhì)變化規(guī)律復(fù)雜,制約了儲(chǔ)層評(píng)價(jià)精度。同時(shí),非常規(guī)儲(chǔ)層巖心取芯成功率低且驅(qū)替困難,僅通過巖石物理實(shí)驗(yàn)難以準(zhǔn)確定量揭示變化規(guī)律,而基于三維數(shù)字巖心的巖石物理數(shù)值模擬已發(fā)展成為巖石物理研究的重要手段。由于非常規(guī)儲(chǔ)層巖心的非均質(zhì)性,適用于均質(zhì)巖心的三維數(shù)字巖心建模技術(shù)難以直接應(yīng)用,僅通過X射線CT無法準(zhǔn)確描述巖石的微觀孔隙結(jié)構(gòu),且難以建立某一儲(chǔ)層參數(shù)連續(xù)變化的三維數(shù)字巖心。因此,在巖石二維信息基礎(chǔ)上,采用重建算法建立與真實(shí)巖心微觀結(jié)構(gòu)相似的三維數(shù)字巖心具有重要的理論意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。首先,基于單張二維圖像采用多點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)法重建三維數(shù)字巖心,定量計(jì)算了重建三維數(shù)字巖心的自相關(guān)函數(shù)、局部孔隙度分布函數(shù)和平均滲流概率函數(shù),與真實(shí)巖心進(jìn)行比較,評(píng)價(jià)重建結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。然后,改進(jìn)多點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)法中硬數(shù)據(jù)添加規(guī)則、搜索樹建立方法和條件概率分布函數(shù)耦合算法,在三張正交二維圖像基礎(chǔ)上,重建了楓丹白露砂巖和高嶺石填隙物三維數(shù)字巖心。最后,將孔隙中軸線與多點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)法相結(jié)合,在歸納孔隙中軸線特征基礎(chǔ)上,采用多點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)法重建孔隙中軸線,通過四參數(shù)法模擬孔隙生長(zhǎng)過程,建立三維數(shù)字巖心,并評(píng)價(jià)其準(zhǔn)確性。通過編程實(shí)現(xiàn)上述重建算法,重建結(jié)果表明:基于單張二維圖像重建三維數(shù)字巖心與真實(shí)巖心具有相似的孔隙度和均質(zhì)性,但孔隙連通性差異較大,且呈現(xiàn)明顯的各向異性;基于三張正交二維圖像重建三維數(shù)字巖心,由于將三個(gè)方向概率分布作為約束條件,所以改善了孔隙的各向異性,孔隙連通性與真實(shí)巖心接近,為采用掃描電鏡建立亞微米尺寸三維數(shù)字巖心奠定了基礎(chǔ);基于孔隙中軸線,利用多點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)法重建的三維數(shù)字巖心在孔隙大小、分布及均質(zhì)性與真實(shí)巖心類似,且重建巖心在連通性方面與真實(shí)巖心更加接近,為建立具有孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)連續(xù)變化的三維數(shù)字巖心提供了一種新方法。
[Abstract]:In the face of huge energy demand, people begin to pay more attention to unconventional oil and natural gas resources. Unconventional oil and gas reservoirs have dense core and strong heterogeneity, which leads to complex rock physical properties and restricts the accuracy of reservoir evaluation. At the same time, the core core of unconventional reservoirs is low in power and difficult to drive, only through rock physics experiments. The numerical simulation of rock physics based on the three-dimensional digital core has developed into an important means of rock physics. Because of the heterogeneity of the unconventional reservoir core, the 3D digital core modeling technique suitable for the homogeneous core is difficult to be directly used, and the rock can not be accurately described by the X ray CT. It is difficult to establish a three-dimensional digital core with a continuous change in the parameters of a reservoir. Therefore, on the basis of the two-dimensional information of the rock, it is of great theoretical significance and application value to establish a three-dimensional digital core similar to the real core microstructure by the reconstruction algorithm. First, a multi point statistics method based on a single two-dimensional image is adopted. The three-dimensional digital core is reconstructed, the autocorrelation function, the local porosity distribution function and the average percolation probability function are quantitatively calculated, and the accuracy of the reconstruction results is evaluated by comparing with the real core. Then, the rules of adding hard data in the multi point statistics method are improved, and the method and the conditional probability distribution function of the search tree are established. The coupling algorithm, on the basis of three orthogonal two-dimensional images, reconstructs the three-dimensional digital core of Fontainebleau sandstone and kaolinite fillings. Finally, the axis axis of the pore is combined with the multi point statistics method. On the basis of the characteristics of the axis axis, the multi point statistics method is used to reconstruct the axis of the pore, and the pore growth process is simulated by the four parameter method. Three dimensional digital core is established and its accuracy is evaluated. The reconstruction algorithm is realized by programming. The reconstruction results show that the three-dimensional digital core based on a single two-dimensional image has similar porosity and homogeneity with the true core, but the pore connectivity is different and shows the obvious anisotropy; based on the reconstruction of three orthogonal two-dimensional images The three-dimensional digital core, due to the three directional probability distribution as a constraint, improves the anisotropy of the pore, and the pore connectivity is close to the true core. It lays a foundation for the establishment of a three-dimensional digital core with a scanning electron microscope for the establishment of a submicron size three-dimensional digital core. The size, distribution and homogeneity of the gap are similar to the true core, and the rebuilt core is closer to the true core in connectivity, which provides a new method for the establishment of a three-dimensional digital core with continuous changes in the pore structure parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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本文編號(hào)：2095970