本文選題：催化裂化 + 提升管反應(yīng)器��； 參考：《中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：提升管反應(yīng)器是煉油催化裂化裝置中最為重要的組成部分。對(duì)提升管內(nèi)化學(xué)反應(yīng)過(guò)程進(jìn)行深入研究具有重要意義,尤其是對(duì)反應(yīng)過(guò)程進(jìn)行定量的熱力學(xué)分析將彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有研究的不足。本文利用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)方法(CFD),首先建立了提升管反應(yīng)器的歐拉雙流體流動(dòng)-反應(yīng)耦合模型用以模擬提升管內(nèi)的流動(dòng)、反應(yīng)和傳熱情況。之后利用熵平衡關(guān)系,建立了提升管反應(yīng)器內(nèi)化學(xué)反應(yīng)過(guò)程的熱力學(xué)分析方法,并將熱力學(xué)分析方法與流動(dòng)-反應(yīng)耦合模型相結(jié)合,對(duì)提升管內(nèi)不可逆的催化反應(yīng)過(guò)程進(jìn)行熱力學(xué)定量描述。首先利用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)方法對(duì)一新型結(jié)構(gòu)提升管反應(yīng)器進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,并通過(guò)對(duì)比計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)與設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證所建流動(dòng)-反應(yīng)模型的準(zhǔn)確性。通過(guò)數(shù)值計(jì)算,詳細(xì)考察了該提升管內(nèi)部?jī)上嗨俣确植肌⒋呋瘎舛确植�、兩相溫度分布及反�?yīng)過(guò)程。對(duì)該新型結(jié)構(gòu)提升管的計(jì)算表明,提升管進(jìn)料段噴嘴處油氣高速射流會(huì)對(duì)管內(nèi)流動(dòng)狀態(tài)、氣固接觸效率以及傳熱和反應(yīng)情況造成顯著影響。提升管徑向上存在速度、顆粒濃度以及溫度梯度,隨著流動(dòng)、反應(yīng)的充分發(fā)展,這一不均勻性將沿著提升管高度逐漸減弱。徑向梯度的出現(xiàn)也反映出進(jìn)料噴嘴角度對(duì)流場(chǎng)的影響,徑向湍動(dòng)效果、動(dòng)量傳遞的強(qiáng)烈程度都將進(jìn)一步對(duì)反應(yīng)深度和傳熱造成影響。為進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證提升管雙流體假設(shè)的合理性,建立了考慮汽化過(guò)程的提升管氣-液-固三相模型以考察液霧顆粒在管內(nèi)的存在及變化情況。結(jié)果表明,液霧顆粒僅存在于噴嘴上方3~4m高度處,之后便快速汽化為氣相,有效證明了提升管內(nèi)兩相模擬的合理性。在利用熵平衡關(guān)系建立提升管內(nèi)催化反應(yīng)過(guò)程熱力學(xué)分析方法的過(guò)程中,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,首先對(duì)集總動(dòng)力學(xué)模型中各集總的熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了標(biāo)定計(jì)算,之后提出了不可逆催化反應(yīng)過(guò)程所造成的熵產(chǎn)生的計(jì)算方法。通過(guò)程序語(yǔ)言C編寫了用戶自定義函數(shù)并將其嵌入前述提升管流動(dòng)-反應(yīng)耦合模型中進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算,對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室小型等徑提升管和一變徑提升管進(jìn)行了熱力學(xué)分析與對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明,變徑段由于其大劑油比、適宜的停留時(shí)間,使得快速反應(yīng)段反應(yīng)程度加深、過(guò)程不可逆性增大,從而造成全管內(nèi)反應(yīng)過(guò)程的熵產(chǎn)生和有效能損失的相應(yīng)增大。
[Abstract]:Riser reactor is the most important component of FCC unit. It is of great significance to study the chemical reaction process in the riser, especially the quantitative thermodynamic analysis of the reaction process will make up for the shortcomings of the existing research. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, an Eulerian two-fluid flow-reaction coupling model is established to simulate the flow, reaction and heat transfer in a riser reactor. Then, the thermodynamic analysis method of chemical reaction process in riser reactor is established by using entropy equilibrium relationship, and the coupling model of flow-reaction is combined with the thermodynamic analysis method. The irreversible catalytic reaction process in the riser is described quantitatively by thermodynamics. A new type of riser reactor was numerically simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the accuracy of the fluid-reaction model was verified by comparing the calculated data with the design data. The two-phase velocity distribution, catalyst concentration distribution, two-phase temperature distribution and reaction process in the riser were investigated numerically. The calculation of the new type of riser shows that the high velocity jet of oil and gas at the nozzle of the feed section of the riser will have a significant effect on the flow state, gas-solid contact efficiency, heat transfer and reaction in the pipe. There are velocity, particle concentration and temperature gradient in the riser. With the development of the flow and reaction, the inhomogeneity will gradually decrease along the riser height. The appearance of radial gradient also reflects the influence of inlet nozzle angle on the flow field. The effect of radial turbulence and the intensity of momentum transfer will further affect the reaction depth and heat transfer. In order to further verify the rationality of two-fluid hypothesis in riser, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase model of riser considering vaporization process was established to investigate the existence and variation of liquid-fog particles in the pipe. The results show that the liquid mist particles only exist at the height of 3m above the nozzle, and then vaporize rapidly to gas phase, which effectively proves the rationality of two-phase simulation in the riser. In the process of establishing thermodynamic analysis method of catalytic reaction process in riser by using entropy equilibrium relationship, the thermodynamic properties of each set in lumped kinetic model are calibrated and calculated according to the available experimental data and literature reports. After that, the calculation method of entropy production caused by irreversible catalytic reaction is proposed. The user-defined function is programmed by programming language C and embedded in the fluid-reaction coupling model of the riser mentioned above. The thermodynamic analysis and comparison of the laboratory small equal-diameter riser and a variable-diameter riser are carried out. The results show that the reaction degree of the rapid reaction section is deepened and the process irreversibility is increased due to its large ratio of solvent to oil and the appropriate residence time, which results in the entropy generation and the loss of effectiveness of the whole reaction process increasing accordingly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE96

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本文編號(hào)：2095960