本文選題：催化裂化 + 提升管反應器　； 參考：《中國石油大學(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：提升管反應器是煉油催化裂化裝置中最為重要的組成部分。對提升管內化學反應過程進行深入研究具有重要意義,尤其是對反應過程進行定量的熱力學分析將彌補現(xiàn)有研究的不足。本文利用計算流體力學方法(CFD),首先建立了提升管反應器的歐拉雙流體流動-反應耦合模型用以模擬提升管內的流動、反應和傳熱情況。之后利用熵平衡關系,建立了提升管反應器內化學反應過程的熱力學分析方法,并將熱力學分析方法與流動-反應耦合模型相結合,對提升管內不可逆的催化反應過程進行熱力學定量描述。首先利用計算流體力學方法對一新型結構提升管反應器進行數(shù)值模擬,并通過對比計算數(shù)據(jù)與設計數(shù)據(jù)驗證所建流動-反應模型的準確性。通過數(shù)值計算,詳細考察了該提升管內部兩相速度分布、催化劑濃度分布、兩相溫度分布及反應過程。對該新型結構提升管的計算表明,提升管進料段噴嘴處油氣高速射流會對管內流動狀態(tài)、氣固接觸效率以及傳熱和反應情況造成顯著影響。提升管徑向上存在速度、顆粒濃度以及溫度梯度,隨著流動、反應的充分發(fā)展,這一不均勻性將沿著提升管高度逐漸減弱。徑向梯度的出現(xiàn)也反映出進料噴嘴角度對流場的影響,徑向湍動效果、動量傳遞的強烈程度都將進一步對反應深度和傳熱造成影響。為進一步驗證提升管雙流體假設的合理性,建立了考慮汽化過程的提升管氣-液-固三相模型以考察液霧顆粒在管內的存在及變化情況。結果表明,液霧顆粒僅存在于噴嘴上方3~4m高度處,之后便快速汽化為氣相,有效證明了提升管內兩相模擬的合理性。在利用熵平衡關系建立提升管內催化反應過程熱力學分析方法的過程中,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有實驗數(shù)據(jù)和文獻報道,首先對集總動力學模型中各集總的熱力學性質進行了標定計算,之后提出了不可逆催化反應過程所造成的熵產(chǎn)生的計算方法。通過程序語言C編寫了用戶自定義函數(shù)并將其嵌入前述提升管流動-反應耦合模型中進行數(shù)值計算,對實驗室小型等徑提升管和一變徑提升管進行了熱力學分析與對比。結果表明,變徑段由于其大劑油比、適宜的停留時間,使得快速反應段反應程度加深、過程不可逆性增大,從而造成全管內反應過程的熵產(chǎn)生和有效能損失的相應增大。
[Abstract]:Riser reactor is the most important component of FCC unit. It is of great significance to study the chemical reaction process in the riser, especially the quantitative thermodynamic analysis of the reaction process will make up for the shortcomings of the existing research. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, an Eulerian two-fluid flow-reaction coupling model is established to simulate the flow, reaction and heat transfer in a riser reactor. Then, the thermodynamic analysis method of chemical reaction process in riser reactor is established by using entropy equilibrium relationship, and the coupling model of flow-reaction is combined with the thermodynamic analysis method. The irreversible catalytic reaction process in the riser is described quantitatively by thermodynamics. A new type of riser reactor was numerically simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the accuracy of the fluid-reaction model was verified by comparing the calculated data with the design data. The two-phase velocity distribution, catalyst concentration distribution, two-phase temperature distribution and reaction process in the riser were investigated numerically. The calculation of the new type of riser shows that the high velocity jet of oil and gas at the nozzle of the feed section of the riser will have a significant effect on the flow state, gas-solid contact efficiency, heat transfer and reaction in the pipe. There are velocity, particle concentration and temperature gradient in the riser. With the development of the flow and reaction, the inhomogeneity will gradually decrease along the riser height. The appearance of radial gradient also reflects the influence of inlet nozzle angle on the flow field. The effect of radial turbulence and the intensity of momentum transfer will further affect the reaction depth and heat transfer. In order to further verify the rationality of two-fluid hypothesis in riser, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase model of riser considering vaporization process was established to investigate the existence and variation of liquid-fog particles in the pipe. The results show that the liquid mist particles only exist at the height of 3m above the nozzle, and then vaporize rapidly to gas phase, which effectively proves the rationality of two-phase simulation in the riser. In the process of establishing thermodynamic analysis method of catalytic reaction process in riser by using entropy equilibrium relationship, the thermodynamic properties of each set in lumped kinetic model are calibrated and calculated according to the available experimental data and literature reports. After that, the calculation method of entropy production caused by irreversible catalytic reaction is proposed. The user-defined function is programmed by programming language C and embedded in the fluid-reaction coupling model of the riser mentioned above. The thermodynamic analysis and comparison of the laboratory small equal-diameter riser and a variable-diameter riser are carried out. The results show that the reaction degree of the rapid reaction section is deepened and the process irreversibility is increased due to its large ratio of solvent to oil and the appropriate residence time, which results in the entropy generation and the loss of effectiveness of the whole reaction process increasing accordingly.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE96

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