本文選題：致密油 + 體積壓裂��； 參考：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：體積壓裂技術(shù)是致密油開發(fā)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一,大慶油田致密油開發(fā)尚處于起步階段,對(duì)致密儲(chǔ)層的力學(xué)性質(zhì)參數(shù)、巖石可壓性評(píng)價(jià)、人工裂縫擴(kuò)展機(jī)理等方面研究較少,國(guó)內(nèi)外目前研究成果適應(yīng)性差。因此,開展致密油藏體積壓裂縫網(wǎng)形成機(jī)理和控制方法研究,對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)致密儲(chǔ)層的成功體積改造以及致密砂巖油藏的商業(yè)化開發(fā)具有重要意義。本文以大慶長(zhǎng)垣南部地區(qū)扶余油層致密儲(chǔ)層為研究對(duì)象,采用室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)、理論分析和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的手段,對(duì)天然裂縫發(fā)育程度低的致密砂巖油藏可壓性、壓裂縫網(wǎng)形成機(jī)理及工藝控制方法進(jìn)行了研究。由于致密材料在力學(xué)上表現(xiàn)為高強(qiáng)度和高硬度的特征,因此采用高溫高壓巖石動(dòng)態(tài)三軸儀對(duì)扶余油層致密油試驗(yàn)區(qū)巖心樣品開展了儲(chǔ)層力學(xué)參數(shù)測(cè)定和評(píng)價(jià),和常規(guī)儲(chǔ)層不同,埋深對(duì)致密砂巖力學(xué)性質(zhì)有顯著的影響,致密巖樣抗壓強(qiáng)度和彈性模量隨圍壓的增大而增大,不同取樣方向的致密砂巖試樣應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線形態(tài)比較相似�？紤]致密儲(chǔ)層體積壓裂過程中巖石變形破壞形式復(fù)雜,因此基于巖石斷裂過程中的能量演化,建立了能夠反映巖石整體破壞過程的致密巖石脆性評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)。利用該脆性指數(shù)結(jié)合測(cè)井?dāng)?shù)據(jù)以及室內(nèi)力學(xué)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和脆性礦物含量分析,能夠?qū)χ旅軆?chǔ)層可壓性進(jìn)行綜合的評(píng)定,研究表明本文試驗(yàn)所用砂巖樣品在地層條件下具有較高的脆性,可壓性較好,為致密儲(chǔ)層體積壓裂縫網(wǎng)形成機(jī)理研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。和頁(yè)巖、煤巖相比,扶余油層致密巖石中沒有層理、割理等結(jié)構(gòu)弱面,且天然裂縫發(fā)育程度低,因此建立了天然裂縫欠發(fā)育條件下致密儲(chǔ)層應(yīng)力釋放縫形成力學(xué)模型,研究了應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)裂縫的形成條件、延伸方向以及延伸條件,揭示了致密儲(chǔ)層復(fù)雜裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成機(jī)理。隨后建立了人工裂縫沿初始裝狀態(tài)為閉合的天然裂縫剪切轉(zhuǎn)向的判別模型,研究得到了水平應(yīng)力差、逼近距離、逼近角、縫內(nèi)凈壓力以及裂縫特征對(duì)剪切失穩(wěn)區(qū)的影響以及影響范圍。在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立了考慮多孔介質(zhì)流固耦合效應(yīng)、壓裂液法向?yàn)V失和切向流動(dòng)的壓裂誘導(dǎo)地應(yīng)力數(shù)值模型,研究認(rèn)為致密儲(chǔ)層體積壓裂縫網(wǎng)形成的主控因素主要有縫內(nèi)凈壓力、人工裂縫間距、裂縫長(zhǎng)度、巖石性質(zhì)等因素,縫內(nèi)凈壓力越大、裂縫間距越小、裂縫長(zhǎng)度越長(zhǎng),應(yīng)力差越小,越有利于網(wǎng)狀裂縫的形成�；谝陨涎芯拷Y(jié)果,提出了致密儲(chǔ)層體積壓裂縫網(wǎng)形成的控制方法,結(jié)合實(shí)際工程因素,從壓裂液體系、注入排量、人工裂縫間距等方面研究了天然裂縫欠發(fā)育的致密砂巖儲(chǔ)層體積壓裂縫網(wǎng)控制工藝方法,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用效果較好,證實(shí)了本文提出的體積壓裂方式可有效增加縫網(wǎng)規(guī)模,本文研究方法和成果同時(shí)也可在類似致密儲(chǔ)層及其他非常規(guī)儲(chǔ)層借鑒應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Volume fracturing is one of the key technologies in the development of dense oil. The development of dense oil in Daqing Oilfield is still in its infancy. There are few researches on the parameters of mechanical properties of tight reservoir, the evaluation of rock compressibility and the mechanism of artificial fracture propagation, etc. The adaptability of current research results at home and abroad is poor. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the formation mechanism and control method of volume fracturing network in dense reservoir, which is of great significance to realize the successful volume reconstruction of tight reservoir and the commercial development of tight sandstone reservoir. In this paper, the dense reservoir of Fuyu reservoir in the southern area of Daqing Placanticline is taken as the research object. The compressibility of tight sandstone reservoir with low degree of natural fracture development is studied by means of laboratory test, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The forming mechanism and process control method of pressure fracture net are studied. Because the dense materials are characterized by high strength and high hardness in mechanics, the determination and evaluation of reservoir mechanical parameters are carried out by using the dynamic triaxial instrument of high temperature and high pressure rock in the dense oil test area of Fuyu reservoir, which is different from the conventional reservoir. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of dense rock samples increase with the increase of confining pressure, and the stress-strain curves of compact sandstone samples with different sampling directions are similar. Considering the complexity of rock deformation and failure in the process of bulk fracturing of tight reservoir, an evaluation index of rock brittleness is established based on the energy evolution during rock fracture. By using the brittle index, well logging data, laboratory mechanical test data and brittle mineral content analysis, the compressibility of tight reservoir can be comprehensively evaluated. The results show that the sandstone samples used in this paper have high brittleness and good compressibility under stratigraphic conditions, which lays a foundation for the study of formation mechanism of tight reservoir pressure fracture network. Compared with shale and coal rock, there is no stratification, weak surface of cleat and so on in dense rock of Fuyu reservoir, and the degree of development of natural fracture is low. Therefore, a mechanical model of tight reservoir stress release fracture formation under the condition of underdevelopment of natural fracture is established. The formation conditions, extension direction and extension conditions of stress-induced fractures are studied, and the formation mechanism of complex fracture networks in dense reservoirs is revealed. Then, a discriminant model of natural crack shearing steering along initial loading state is established, and the horizontal stress difference, approaching distance and approaching angle are obtained. The influence of net pressure and fracture characteristics on shear instability zone and its influence range. On this basis, a fracturing induced stress numerical model considering the fluid-solid coupling effect of porous media, the normal filtration and tangential flow of fracturing fluid is established. It is considered that the main controlling factors for the formation of volume fracturing network in dense reservoirs are net pressure within fractures. The larger the net pressure, the smaller the crack spacing, the longer the crack length and the smaller the stress difference, the more favorable the formation of network fractures. Based on the above research results, the control method of forming tight reservoir volume fracturing network is put forward. According to the actual engineering factors, the injection and displacement of fracturing fluid system are carried out. The control technology of volume pressure fracture network in tight sandstone reservoir with underdeveloped natural fractures is studied in terms of artificial fracture spacing. The field application results show that the volume fracturing method proposed in this paper can effectively increase the size of fracture network. The research methods and results in this paper can also be used for reference in similar tight reservoirs and other unconventional reservoirs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE357

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