本文選題：酸化油 + 生物柴油�。� 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物柴油是一種安全穩(wěn)定、可再生的綠色能源,大力發(fā)展生物柴油,不僅填補(bǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對柴油的需求,而且有效降低石化柴油對大氣的污染。在生物柴油的生產(chǎn)中,原料是制約生物柴油發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素,利用低廉且廣泛的酸化油制備生物柴油,既實(shí)現(xiàn)廢棄油脂的充分利用,又極大降低生物柴油的生產(chǎn)成本,具有良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會意義。目前生物柴油的研究多以精制油為主,而采用廢棄油脂的相對較少,同時(shí)酯化過程中存在醇油混合不均而導(dǎo)致反應(yīng)效率低的問題�；谏鲜銮闆r,本文以酸化油為原料,著重研究了適應(yīng)于酸化油生產(chǎn)生物柴油的最佳工藝參數(shù)、反應(yīng)強(qiáng)化裝置和工藝流程。首先,本文研究了最佳工藝參數(shù),在測定了原料油的理化指標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)上,確定采用酸堿兩步催化法制備生物柴油的工藝方案,針對酯化過程的工藝參數(shù)范圍,設(shè)計(jì)單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)和正交實(shí)驗(yàn)。選定預(yù)酯化最佳反應(yīng)條件為反應(yīng)溫度55℃,攪拌速度200r/min,醇油摩爾比6:1,催化劑用量2.5wt%(與原料油的質(zhì)量比),酯交換最佳反應(yīng)條件為反應(yīng)溫度55℃,攪拌速度200r/min,醇油摩爾比7:1,催化劑用量1.2wt%。方差分析可知,其中對預(yù)酯化反應(yīng)和酯交換反應(yīng)影響最大的是攪拌速度,說明反應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵在于反應(yīng)體系間的混合程度,也即反應(yīng)裝置對反應(yīng)流場混合均勻的影響。其次,為增強(qiáng)反應(yīng)體系間的混合程度提高轉(zhuǎn)化率,改進(jìn)了傳統(tǒng)反應(yīng)釜的進(jìn)料管形式,設(shè)計(jì)了文丘里進(jìn)料管的反應(yīng)釜強(qiáng)化裝置,分別從進(jìn)料管的流場模擬和強(qiáng)化裝置制備生物柴油的實(shí)驗(yàn)兩個(gè)方面,研究了改進(jìn)后的反應(yīng)釜強(qiáng)化裝置利用水力空化作用對酸化油制備生物柴油強(qiáng)化的影響。從模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析得出,文丘里進(jìn)料管反應(yīng)裝置能顯著提高酸化油酯化過程的產(chǎn)率,在一定范圍內(nèi),生物柴油的產(chǎn)率隨空化強(qiáng)度的增大而增大,且在實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,最佳文丘里進(jìn)料管的喉部直徑為8mm,擴(kuò)散角為7°。最后,以大中型生物柴油生產(chǎn)工藝為背景,針對目前工藝流程存在的轉(zhuǎn)化率低和后處理復(fù)雜等問題,進(jìn)行工藝流程的研究,設(shè)計(jì)了適合酸化油的連續(xù)式酸堿催化生產(chǎn)生物柴油的工藝流程,并運(yùn)用Chem CAD建立工藝流程模擬,模擬結(jié)果表明,各物流的工藝參數(shù)均滿足要求,且生物柴油純度達(dá)99.56%,說明了工藝的可行性。
[Abstract]:Biodiesel is a kind of safe and stable renewable green energy. The development of biodiesel not only fills the demand for diesel oil in economic development but also effectively reduces the atmospheric pollution caused by petrochemical diesel. In the production of biodiesel, raw materials are the key factors restricting the development of biodiesel. Using low and extensive acidified oil to produce biodiesel can not only realize the full utilization of waste oil, but also greatly reduce the production cost of biodiesel. It has good economic benefit and social significance. At present, most of the studies on biodiesel are focused on refined oils, but relatively few on waste oils. At the same time, the reaction efficiency is low due to the uneven mixing of alcohols and oils in esterification process. Based on the above situation, the optimum process parameters, reaction intensifier and technological process for the production of biodiesel from acidified oil were studied in this paper with acidified oil as raw material. Firstly, the optimum process parameters were studied. On the basis of determining the physical and chemical indexes of feedstock, the process scheme of preparing biodiesel by acid-base two-step catalytic method was determined, and the range of process parameters of esterification process was pointed out. Single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were designed. The optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows: reaction temperature 55 鈩，

本文編號：2035201