本文選題：分段壓裂 + 熱處理�。� 參考：《沈陽航空航天大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水平井分段壓裂技術(shù)是經(jīng)濟(jì)、有效的提高油田采收率和開發(fā)低滲透、低孔隙度油藏的主要手段�；讐毫亚蜃鳛樗骄侄螇毫训年P(guān)鍵技術(shù)具有十分重要的研究意義。本文對構(gòu)成滑套壓裂球原材料的腐蝕原理、抗剪切力學(xué)強(qiáng)度的提升和影響鎂合金腐蝕速度的內(nèi)外部因素進(jìn)行了深入的研究,將以鎂合金作為基本原料的滑套壓裂球通過對鎂合金進(jìn)行稀土合金化、均勻化熱處理、加入高電位元素和低熔點元素等方法提高鎂合金的材料性能,使其達(dá)到國外同類產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)水平。本文根據(jù)美國貝克休斯公司的產(chǎn)品可套壓裂球(Disintegrating Frac Ball)的宣傳資料,對該產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了深入的分析,對它的主要成分和工作原理也有了一個初步的了解。并且根據(jù)我國鎂合金工業(yè)水平,通過熱處理、稀土合金化等工藝手段,對鎂合金的抗壓強(qiáng)度和抗剪切強(qiáng)度來進(jìn)行有效提升,通過實驗對比發(fā)現(xiàn)稀土合金化后的鎂合金在抗剪切強(qiáng)度方面有很大的提高。同時還對影響鎂合金的可降解性能的內(nèi)外在因素進(jìn)行了深入研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)影響鎂合金降解速度的外在因素主要有:鎂合金所處環(huán)境的氯離子濃度、PH值大小、溫度的高低和外界應(yīng)力大小等。而影響鎂合金降解速度的內(nèi)在因素包括冶煉過程存在的雜質(zhì)與缺陷、對鎂合金進(jìn)行冶煉的工藝過程、內(nèi)部晶粒的大小與均勻化程度等,并通過改變這些因素,觀察這些因素對鎂合金降解速度影響的大小。再通過觀察稀土鎂合金的腐蝕金相圖,來了解稀土鎂合金的腐蝕過程,從微觀上了解到稀土鎂合金的腐蝕率先發(fā)生在與那些小晶粒相鄰的晶界處,并且鎂合金的基相是陽極相,鎂合金的第二相是陰極相,它們之間發(fā)生電偶腐蝕。為了使滑套壓裂球能夠均勻降解,通過對稀土鎂合金在冶煉過程中加入一些高電位元素,和一些低熔點的元素,利用鎂合金高溫腐蝕和電偶腐蝕的原理加速鎂合金的腐蝕,同時發(fā)現(xiàn)稀土元素在鎂合金腐蝕過程中有改變腐蝕方向的作用,能起到均勻腐蝕的效果。最后,通過對所煉制的新型鎂合金進(jìn)行均勻化熱處理,使鎂合金內(nèi)部的晶粒細(xì)小,而且分布均勻,使新型鎂合金達(dá)到均勻降解的效果。
[Abstract]:Horizontal well fracturing technology is an economic and effective way to improve oil recovery and develop low permeability and low porosity reservoirs. As the key technology of horizontal well fracturing, sliding casing fracturing ball is of great significance. In this paper, the corrosion principle of the raw materials of the sliding casing fracturing ball, the promotion of shear strength and the internal and external factors affecting the corrosion rate of magnesium alloy are studied. The sliding casing fracturing ball with magnesium alloy as basic raw material was used to improve the properties of magnesium alloy by alloying magnesium alloy with rare earth, homogenizing heat treatment, adding high potential element and low melting point element, etc. Make it reach the technical level of the same kind of products abroad. According to the propaganda materials of Baker Hughes Company, the product of fracturing ball disintegrating is analyzed in depth, and its main components and working principle are also preliminarily understood. According to the industry level of magnesium alloy in China, the compressive strength and shear strength of magnesium alloy are effectively promoted by heat treatment and rare earth alloying. It was found that the shear strength of rare earth alloyed magnesium alloy was improved greatly. At the same time, the internal and external factors affecting the degradability of magnesium alloy were studied. The main external factors affecting the degradation rate of magnesium alloy were: the concentration of chlorine ions and PH value in the environment of magnesium alloy. Temperature and external stress, etc. The internal factors affecting the degradation rate of magnesium alloy include impurities and defects in smelting process, process of smelting magnesium alloy, internal grain size and homogenization degree, and by changing these factors, The effect of these factors on the degradation rate of magnesium alloy was observed. By observing the corrosion metallography of rare earth magnesium alloy, the corrosion process of rare earth magnesium alloy is understood. From the microscopic point of view, it is found that the corrosion of rare earth magnesium alloy first occurs at the grain boundary adjacent to those small grains, and the base phase of magnesium alloy is anode phase. The second phase of magnesium alloy is cathodic phase, and galvanic corrosion occurs between them. In order to make the sliding casing fracturing ball degrade uniformly, by adding some high potential elements and some low melting point elements in the smelting process of rare earth magnesium alloy, the principles of high temperature corrosion and galvanic corrosion of magnesium alloy were used to accelerate the corrosion of magnesium alloy. At the same time, it is found that rare earth elements can change the corrosion direction of magnesium alloy and play a uniform corrosion effect. Finally, by homogenizing heat treatment of the new magnesium alloy, the grain size is fine and the distribution is uniform, which makes the new magnesium alloy achieve the effect of homogeneous degradation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357

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本文編號：1994133