本文選題：石油磺酸鹽 + 酸渣�。� 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：石油磺酸鹽作為三次采油中常用的一種高品質(zhì)表面活性劑,其溶液注入油井后與地層配伍性和穩(wěn)定性好,不產(chǎn)生負(fù)面效應(yīng),同時生產(chǎn)工藝較為簡單、成本較低,競爭力強(qiáng),被認(rèn)為是最有商業(yè)前景的表面活性劑之一。但石油磺酸鹽生產(chǎn)過程中,由于過磺化等副反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的酸渣對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備及環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重影響,因此對酸渣進(jìn)行分離和綜合利用不僅可以提高石油磺酸鹽產(chǎn)品的性能,降低對生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的不利影響,同時可實(shí)現(xiàn)廢棄物資源化,提高生產(chǎn)效益。本文對酸渣分離和應(yīng)用研究的內(nèi)容及取得的結(jié)論包括以下幾個方面：(1)酸渣的分離。利用蒸餾實(shí)驗(yàn)回收了酸渣中的溶劑二氯乙烷,測定了二氯乙烷的純度。采用萃取法和氨氣法分離了酸渣中的無機(jī)鹽和活性物,并對無機(jī)鹽和活性物組分進(jìn)行了定性及定量分析,結(jié)果表明無機(jī)鹽主要成分是無機(jī)硫酸鹽,活性物主要成分是有機(jī)磺酸鹽。兩種方法均可將酸渣中的無機(jī)物和活性物分開,且兩種方法獲得無機(jī)鹽和活性物含量基本一致。氨氣法獲得的活性物中仍含有少量的無機(jī)鹽,相比而言萃取法對酸渣的分離效果更好。(2)無機(jī)鹽和活性物用作混凝土緩凝劑的研究。將無機(jī)銨鹽用作混凝土緩凝劑摻加到水泥中,考察了其對水泥凝結(jié)時間的影響,證明無機(jī)銨鹽有一定的緩凝效果,但是會釋放出氨氣。針對這一問題,將無機(jī)銨鹽轉(zhuǎn)化成無機(jī)鈉鹽,隨著摻加量的增加,水泥緩凝時間基本穩(wěn)定在90min～100min,基本符合國標(biāo)要求,但是緩凝效果有限；將活性物摻加到水泥中,隨著摻加量的增加緩凝時間越來越長,緩凝時間符合國標(biāo)的要求,證明活性物可以作為混凝土緩凝劑。(3)酸渣用作混凝土減水劑的研究。將酸渣用NaOH中和后直接用作混凝土減水劑,考察了砂漿減水率及抗壓強(qiáng)度隨摻加量的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,砂漿減水率隨摻加量的增加呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢,抗壓強(qiáng)度呈現(xiàn)先降低后升高再降低的趨勢；按照國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對酸渣進(jìn)行了混凝土外加劑勻質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn),考察了酸渣的固體含量、密度、細(xì)度、pH、表面張力、氯離子和硫酸鈉含量,結(jié)果表明,酸渣各項指標(biāo)均符合國標(biāo)對混凝土外加劑勻質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn)的要求。(4)酸渣用作混凝土引氣減水劑的研究。針對酸渣具有引氣性的特點(diǎn),將其作為混凝土引氣劑,與不同種類的混凝土減水劑復(fù)配成引氣減水劑,通過正交實(shí)驗(yàn)考察其對混凝土各項性能指標(biāo)的影響,得到了最佳復(fù)配方案,初步證明了酸渣用作混凝土引氣劑減水劑的可行性。
[Abstract]:Petroleum sulfonate, as a kind of high quality surfactant commonly used in tertiary oil recovery, has good compatibility and stability with the formation after injected into the oil well, and does not produce negative effects. At the same time, the production process is simple, the cost is low, and the competitiveness is strong. It is considered to be one of the most promising surfactants. However, in the process of petroleum sulfonate production, the acid slag produced by side reactions such as over-sulfonation has a serious impact on product quality, production equipment and environment. Therefore, the separation and comprehensive utilization of acid slag can not only improve the performance of petroleum sulfonate products. At the same time, it can realize the recycling of waste and improve the efficiency of production. In this paper, the separation and application of acid slag are studied and the conclusions obtained include the following aspects: 1) separation of acid slag. The solvent dichloroethane in acid residue was recovered by distillation experiment and the purity of dichloroethane was determined. Inorganic salts and active compounds in acid slag were separated by extraction method and ammonia gas method. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic salts and active compounds were carried out. The results showed that inorganic sulfate was the main component of inorganic salts. The main component of the active compound is organic sulfonate. The two methods can separate the inorganic and active compounds from the acid residue, and the contents of inorganic salts and active compounds in the two methods are basically the same. There is still a small amount of inorganic salt in the active substance obtained by ammonia method. Compared with the extraction method, the separation effect of acid slag is better. 2) the inorganic salt and the active substance are used as retarder for concrete. Using inorganic ammonium salt as concrete retarder, the effect of inorganic ammonium salt on setting time of cement is investigated. It is proved that inorganic ammonium salt has certain retarding effect, but ammonia will be released. In order to solve this problem, the inorganic ammonium salt is converted into inorganic sodium salt. With the increase of the amount of inorganic ammonium salt, the retarding time of cement is basically stabilized at 90 min ~ 100 min, which basically conforms to the national standard, but the retarding effect is limited. With the increase of the amount of admixture, the retarding time is getting longer and longer, and the retarding time meets the requirements of the national standard. It is proved that the active compound can be used as the concrete retarder. 3) the acid slag can be used as the water reducing agent of concrete. The acid slag was directly used as concrete water-reducing agent after neutralizing with NaOH. The variation of water reducing rate and compressive strength of mortar with the addition of mortar was investigated. The results show that the water reducing rate of mortar increases first and then decreases with the increase of admixture content, and the compressive strength decreases first and then decreases, and the homogeneity of concrete admixture is tested according to the national standard. The solid content, density, pH value, surface tension, chloride ion and sodium sulfate content of acid slag were investigated. All the indexes of acid slag meet the requirements of the national standard for testing the homogeneity of concrete admixture. 4) the study of acid slag used as air entraining and water reducing agent of concrete. In view of the air entrainability of acid slag, it is used as air entraining agent of concrete and mixed with different kinds of concrete water reducer to form air entraining agent. The influence of acid slag on various performance indexes of concrete is investigated by orthogonal experiment. The optimum blending scheme was obtained, and the feasibility of using acid slag as water reducing agent for air entraining agent of concrete was preliminarily proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.46

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