本文選題：裂縫介質(zhì) + 有限差分�。� 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：裂縫性油氣藏等復(fù)雜油氣藏是目前研究探索的熱門(mén)方向,為了分析裂縫儲(chǔ)層的地震特性,更好地解釋地震資料信息,需要建立與實(shí)際地下介質(zhì)接近的地質(zhì)模型,結(jié)合恰當(dāng)?shù)恼菁夹g(shù)來(lái)模擬裂縫介質(zhì)的地震響應(yīng),了解地震波的傳播規(guī)律,分析敏感參數(shù)對(duì)其地震屬性的影響�；诖�,本文主要研究的內(nèi)容包括:(1)基于交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格差分技術(shù)具有計(jì)算速度快,效率高等特點(diǎn),可以利用該方法用于模擬地下介質(zhì)的地震波傳播。本文推導(dǎo)了不同介質(zhì)的波動(dòng)方程,計(jì)算相應(yīng)的一階速度-應(yīng)力方程,并利用交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格差分技術(shù)做正演分析,分別模擬了各向同性介質(zhì)、各向異性介質(zhì)、簡(jiǎn)化粘彈介質(zhì)以及雙相介質(zhì)(Biot理論、改進(jìn)BISQ理論)的地震記錄。通過(guò)模擬的波場(chǎng)快照和單炮地震記錄發(fā)現(xiàn),各向異性介質(zhì)出現(xiàn)橫波分裂的現(xiàn)象,雙相介質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生慢縱波,且固相與液相中的慢縱波差異較大。(2)等效裂縫模型的介紹:包括Hudson模型、Schoenberg模型、Thomsen模型。上述模型都是單一裂縫模型,未考慮背景孔隙和流體的影響。在低頻情況下,Gurevich基于線(xiàn)性滑動(dòng)理論和Gassmann各向異性原理,推導(dǎo)出背景孔隙及含流體情況下雙孔裂縫模型的彈性屬性的計(jì)算方法。本文基于Gurevich等效裂縫介質(zhì)模型,分析了在低頻情況下,背景孔隙度、裂縫密度、流體類(lèi)型對(duì)地震波傳播的影響。從模擬結(jié)果得出,裂縫密度與背景孔隙的增加都會(huì)使介質(zhì)的各向異性增強(qiáng),而隨著流體的體積模量的增加會(huì)降低介質(zhì)的各向異性。模擬結(jié)果與數(shù)值分析的參數(shù)的影響結(jié)果一致。(3)在中觀尺度下,為了分析裂縫孔隙介質(zhì)中地震波發(fā)生頻散與衰減的原因,本文基于Brajanovski模型,分析裂縫弱度及背景孔隙度在全頻帶內(nèi)對(duì)縱波相速度和逆品質(zhì)因子的影響。通過(guò)模擬結(jié)論可以看出,依賴(lài)頻率的相速度有一個(gè)明顯的釋放現(xiàn)象,隨著孔隙度的增加,其頻散與衰減的程度會(huì)增加。當(dāng)孔隙度接近于零的時(shí)候,其介質(zhì)基本不發(fā)生頻散與衰減;隨著裂縫弱度的增加,其衰減的程度增大,衰減的峰值頻率向低頻方向移動(dòng)。(4)在微觀尺度下,本文基于Collet模型,推導(dǎo)了依賴(lài)頻率的彈性屬性的計(jì)算公式,計(jì)算不同入射角情況下依賴(lài)頻率的相速度及逆品質(zhì)因子,并分析了特征參數(shù)(裂縫密度、背景孔隙度及流體類(lèi)型)對(duì)地震屬性的影響。
[Abstract]:In order to analyze the seismic characteristics of fractured reservoirs and interpret seismic information better, it is necessary to establish a geological model close to the actual underground media in order to analyze the seismic characteristics of fractured reservoirs and other complex reservoirs, such as fractured reservoirs and other complex reservoirs. Combining the appropriate forward modeling technique to simulate the seismic response of fractured medium, the propagation law of seismic wave is understood, and the influence of sensitive parameters on its seismic attribute is analyzed. Based on this, the main contents of this paper include: (1) the staggered grid difference technique has the advantages of high computational speed and high efficiency, so it can be used to simulate seismic wave propagation in underground media. In this paper, the wave equations of different media are derived, the corresponding first-order velocity-stress equations are calculated, and the forward modeling of isotropic medium and anisotropic medium is done by using staggered grid difference technique. The seismic records of viscoelastic and biphase media are simplified and the BISQ theory is improved. Through the simulated wave field snapshots and single shot seismic records, it is found that shear wave splitting occurs in anisotropic medium and slow longitudinal wave is produced in two-phase medium. An introduction to the equivalent fracture model of solid phase and liquid phase: including Hudson model, Schoenberg model and Thomsen model. All the above models are single fracture models without considering the influence of background pores and fluids. Based on the linear sliding theory and the Gassmann anisotropy principle, the elastic properties of the two-pore fracture model in the case of background pore and fluid are derived at low frequency. Based on the Gurevich equivalent fracture medium model, the influence of background porosity, fracture density and fluid type on seismic wave propagation at low frequency is analyzed. It is concluded from the simulation results that the anisotropy of the medium increases with the increase of fracture density and background porosity, while the anisotropy of the medium decreases with the increase of the volume modulus of the fluid. In order to analyze the causes of frequency dispersion and attenuation of seismic waves in fractured porous media, this paper is based on Brajanovski model. The influence of fracture weakness and background porosity on P-wave phase velocity and inverse quality factor in the whole frequency band is analyzed. It can be seen from the simulation results that the frequency dependent phase velocity has an obvious release phenomenon and its dispersion and attenuation will increase with the increase of porosity. When porosity is close to zero, there is no dispersion and attenuation in the medium. With the increase of fracture weakness, the attenuation degree increases, and the peak frequency of attenuation moves to the low frequency direction. At the micro scale, this paper is based on the Collet model. The formula for calculating frequency dependent elastic properties is derived, the phase velocity and inverse quality factor of frequency dependent at different incident angles are calculated, and the effects of characteristic parameters (fracture density, background porosity and fluid type) on seismic attributes are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P618.13;P631.4

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