本文選題：分離 + 稠油��； 參考：《中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：稠油具有粘度高、密度大、膠質(zhì)瀝青質(zhì)含量高的特點(diǎn),造成稠油乳狀液成分復(fù)雜、脫水困難。靜電聚結(jié)技術(shù)是油水乳狀液高效深度脫水的重要方法,容器內(nèi)置式靜電聚結(jié)構(gòu)件作為電脫水器的核心裝置,對(duì)其進(jìn)行改造和優(yōu)化勢(shì)在必行。本文利用電場(chǎng)模擬和室內(nèi)環(huán)道實(shí)驗(yàn)共同研究了稠油-水乳狀液在容器內(nèi)置式靜電聚結(jié)構(gòu)件中的電聚結(jié)特性。通過(guò)電場(chǎng)模擬,研究了聚結(jié)構(gòu)件的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)電場(chǎng)分布的影響。通過(guò)室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn),從微觀角度研究了影響液滴聚結(jié)特性的主要因素,從宏觀角度研究了稠油-水乳狀液在聚結(jié)構(gòu)件中的油水分離特性和電極能耗。電場(chǎng)模擬從布置形式、絕緣形式、絕緣層厚度、間距等方面對(duì)電場(chǎng)分布進(jìn)行研究。模擬結(jié)果表明,高壓電極和低壓電極均為平鋪線型,并采用兩極尺寸一致、疏密一致的交錯(cuò)排列時(shí),可以達(dá)到更好的聚結(jié)效果。當(dāng)稠油含水率較低時(shí),采用絕緣層厚度較薄的單極絕緣包覆可以達(dá)到最佳的分離電場(chǎng),同時(shí)降低電擊穿的可能。室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)從電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度、電場(chǎng)頻率、電場(chǎng)形式、溫度、含水率等方面對(duì)稠油乳狀液的液滴聚結(jié)特性進(jìn)行研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,稠油的臨界電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度比一般油品更低。隨著電場(chǎng)頻率增加,兩種稠油的聚結(jié)效果均呈先增加、后減小,最后再次增加的趨勢(shì)。正弦電場(chǎng)在場(chǎng)強(qiáng)較高時(shí)有更好的聚結(jié)效果。溫度或含水率越高,發(fā)生電分散的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度越低。電分散發(fā)生后,乳狀液中小液滴的數(shù)目增多,不利于聚結(jié)過(guò)程。此外,室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)還從電壓、電場(chǎng)頻率、溫度、含水率、流量等方面對(duì)聚結(jié)構(gòu)件的分離效率和能耗進(jìn)行研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,電壓值是決定聚結(jié)構(gòu)件能耗的關(guān)鍵因素,不建議通過(guò)無(wú)限提高電場(chǎng)頻率來(lái)提高油水分離效率。溫度升高,電能消耗變化不大。含水率增加,電能消耗增加。隨著流量的增加,聚結(jié)構(gòu)件處理乳狀液的單位體積能耗增加,增幅隨著電壓上升而升高。延長(zhǎng)電場(chǎng)停留時(shí)間能夠有效克服常規(guī)電脫水器占地面積大、處理效率低等缺點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Heavy oil has the characteristics of high viscosity, high density and high content of glial asphaltene, which makes the composition of heavy oil emulsion complex and dehydration difficult. Electrostatic coalescence technology is an important method for high efficiency deep dehydration of oil-water emulsion. As the core device of electric dehydrator, it is imperative to reform and optimize the electrostatic agglomeration structure of container. In this paper, the electric agglomeration characteristics of viscous oil-water emulsion in a container electrostatic agglomeration structure are studied by using electric field simulation and laboratory annular experiment. Through electric field simulation, the influence of structure parameters of polymer structure on electric field distribution is studied. Through laboratory experiments, the main factors affecting the coalescence characteristics of droplets were studied from the microscopic point of view, and the oil-water separation characteristics and electrode energy consumption of heavy oil-water emulsion in the polymer structure were studied from the macroscopic point of view. The distribution of electric field is studied in the form of arrangement, thickness of insulation layer and spacing of electric field. The simulation results show that the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode are of flat line type and the interlaced arrangement with the same size and density of the two poles can achieve a better coalescence effect. When the water content of heavy oil is low, the unipolar insulation coating with thin insulating layer can achieve the best separation electric field and reduce the possibility of electric breakdown. The characteristics of droplet coalescence of viscous oil emulsion were studied in laboratory from electric field intensity, electric field frequency, electric field form, temperature, water cut, etc. The experimental results show that the critical electric field strength of heavy oil is lower than that of common oil. With the increase of electric field frequency, the coalescence effect of the two kinds of heavy oil increases first, then decreases, and finally increases again. The sinusoidal electric field has better coalescence effect when the field strength is higher. The higher the temperature or moisture content, the lower the electric field intensity of electric dispersion. After electrodispersion, the number of small and medium droplets in emulsion increased, which was not conducive to the coalescence process. In addition, the separation efficiency and energy consumption of polymer structure were studied from the aspects of voltage, electric field frequency, temperature, moisture content and flow rate. The experimental results show that the voltage value is the key factor to determine the energy consumption of polymer structure, and it is not recommended to increase the efficiency of oil-water separation by increasing the frequency of electric field infinitely. When the temperature rises, the power consumption does not change much. Water content increases, power consumption increases. With the increase of flow rate, the unit volume energy consumption of emulsion treated with polymer structure increased, and the increase increased with the increase of voltage. Prolonging the residence time of electric field can effectively overcome the disadvantages of large area and low treatment efficiency of conventional electric dehydrator.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE868

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