本文選題：PDC鉆頭 + 粘滑振動(dòng)　； 參考：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,對(duì)石油資源的需求越來(lái)越多,勘探開(kāi)發(fā)也漸漸由淺井到深井,甚至超深井,在這些區(qū)域,地層巖石的特點(diǎn)是,硬度大,研磨性強(qiáng),可鉆性差,這阻礙了深部硬地層機(jī)械鉆速的提高。因此針對(duì)在硬地層鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的鉆頭失效快、機(jī)械鉆速低、鉆井成本高等問(wèn)題,需要研制開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新型的破巖工具來(lái)提高機(jī)械鉆速。針對(duì)上述現(xiàn)象,國(guó)內(nèi)外的相關(guān)研究機(jī)構(gòu)大力開(kāi)展了鉆井技術(shù)研究,雖然傳統(tǒng)的軸向和扭轉(zhuǎn)沖擊鉆井技術(shù)都能夠提高機(jī)械鉆速,但各自仍存在缺點(diǎn)。軸向沖擊的沖擊功相對(duì)較小,因?yàn)楫?dāng)沖擊頻率超過(guò)某一數(shù)值時(shí),會(huì)對(duì)沖擊器的壽命造成影響,因此提高機(jī)械鉆速的幅度并不大;扭轉(zhuǎn)沖擊鉆井在破巖效率方面比較高,但在鉆遇高研磨性地層的時(shí)候,要求鉆頭與沖擊器之間的匹配程度要高。因此可以充分結(jié)合它們的優(yōu)點(diǎn),形成一種新的鉆井技術(shù)——復(fù)合沖擊鉆井技術(shù),它可以抑制甚至消除鉆頭在鉆井過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的粘滑振動(dòng),減少跳鉆現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生,從而提高復(fù)雜地層的機(jī)械鉆速。本文基于波動(dòng)理論,建立了PDC鉆頭鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中的鉆柱動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,分析了跳鉆現(xiàn)象和粘滑振動(dòng)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因;建立了PDC鉆頭的復(fù)合沖擊模型,詳細(xì)地分析了復(fù)合沖擊的作用;通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn),分析了復(fù)合沖擊工具的破巖效果。本文取得了以下的研究結(jié)論:(1)基于波動(dòng)理論,建立了PDC鉆頭鉆進(jìn)過(guò)程中鉆柱的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,同時(shí)給出了模型的邊界條件,對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解,得到了描述鉆井行為的模型;(2)分析了跳鉆現(xiàn)象和粘滑振動(dòng),得出了PDC鉆頭粘滑振動(dòng)現(xiàn)象的非線(xiàn)性方程,得到了鉆頭干摩擦系數(shù)的計(jì)算公式,根據(jù)公式做出了鉆頭的摩擦扭矩隨角速度的變化曲線(xiàn),該曲線(xiàn)可以很好的模擬低角速度下的庫(kù)倫摩擦特性,同時(shí)指出,鉆頭和巖石間的非線(xiàn)性摩擦扭矩產(chǎn)生的抗阻尼特性是粘滑自激振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的原因;(3)建立了PDC鉆頭的復(fù)合沖擊模型,分析了常規(guī)鉆進(jìn)與復(fù)合沖擊鉆進(jìn)時(shí)鉆頭角速度、鉆頭扭矩以及鉆頭軸向位移隨時(shí)間的變化情況,結(jié)果表明復(fù)合沖擊作用可以抑制PDC鉆頭的粘滑振動(dòng),減少跳鉆現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生;(4)基于復(fù)合沖擊破巖理論,研制了鉆井工具并在金躍204井和齊古1井進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn),與鄰井的破巖效果對(duì)比得出:復(fù)合沖擊工具能夠有效的保護(hù)PDC鉆頭,減少扭矩波動(dòng),從而抑制鉆頭的粘滑振動(dòng),降低鉆頭的磨損程度,提高單只鉆頭進(jìn)尺,提高機(jī)械鉆速。本文的研究能夠抑制鉆頭的粘滑振動(dòng),大幅度提高機(jī)械鉆速,具有推廣價(jià)值,應(yīng)用前景廣闊。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and economy, the demand for petroleum resources is increasing, and the exploration and development are gradually from shallow wells to deep wells, even ultra-deep wells. In these areas, the formation rocks are characterized by high hardness, strong abrasiveness and poor drillability. This hinders the improvement of mechanical drilling speed in deep hard formations. So it is necessary to develop a new kind of rock breaking tool to improve the drilling speed in order to solve the problems such as fast bit failure low drilling speed and high drilling cost during hard formation drilling. In view of the above phenomenon, domestic and foreign related research institutions have vigorously carried out drilling technology research, although the traditional axial and torsional impact drilling technology can improve the mechanical drilling speed, but there are still shortcomings. The impact work of axial impact is relatively small, because when the impact frequency exceeds a certain value, it will affect the life of the percusser, so the increase of mechanical drilling speed is not large, and the torsional impact drilling is relatively high in rock breaking efficiency. However, when drilling in high abrasive formation, the matching degree between drill bit and percussion device is required to be high. Therefore, a new drilling technology, compound impact drilling technology, can be formed by fully combining their advantages. It can suppress or even eliminate the stick-slip vibration of drill bit during drilling, and reduce the occurrence of drilling jump. In order to improve the mechanical drilling speed of complex formation. Based on the wave theory, the dynamic model of drill string in the drilling process of PDC bit is established, and the causes of the phenomenon of jump and stick-slip vibration are analyzed, the compound impact model of PDC bit is established, and the function of compound impact is analyzed in detail. Through field test, the rock breaking effect of compound impact tool is analyzed. In this paper, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) based on the wave theory, the dynamic model of drill string in the drilling process of PDC bit is established, and the boundary conditions of the model are given, and the model is solved. In this paper, a model describing drilling behavior is obtained. The phenomenon of drilling jump and the vibration of stick-slip are analyzed. The nonlinear equation of stick-slip vibration of PDC bit is obtained, and the calculation formula of dry friction coefficient of bit is obtained. According to the formula, the variation curve of friction torque with angular velocity is obtained. The curve can well simulate the Coulomb friction characteristics at low angular velocity. At the same time, it is pointed out that, The anti-damping property of nonlinear friction torque between bit and rock is the reason of self-excited vibration of stick-slip. The compound impact model of PDC bit is established, and the angular velocity of bit during conventional drilling and composite percussion drilling is analyzed. The variation of bit torque and bit axial displacement with time shows that compound impact can restrain the stick-slip vibration of PDC bit and reduce the occurrence of drilling jump. The drilling tool has been developed and tested in Jinyue 204 well and Qigu 1 well. Compared with the rock breaking effect of adjacent wells, the compound impact tool can effectively protect PDC bit, reduce torque fluctuation, and thus restrain the stick-slip vibration of bit. Reduce the wear degree of bit, improve the advance of single bit, and improve the speed of mechanical drilling. The research in this paper can restrain the sticking-slip vibration of the bit and increase the drilling speed greatly. It is worth popularizing and has a broad application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE921.1

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