本文選題：輸油管道 + 石油安全��； 參考：《西安石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)于能源的需求,管道運(yùn)輸行業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛,形成了大量輸油管網(wǎng)和供氣系統(tǒng)。受供求關(guān)系的影響,油氣長輸管道的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備設(shè)施仍需大規(guī)模建設(shè),為保障管道的安全運(yùn)行及其維護(hù)資源的合理分配,對(duì)管段進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)是對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素控制最行之有效的方法。若對(duì)管段的評(píng)價(jià)不到位,有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致用于維護(hù)管道安全的資源分配不均,嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致失效事故的發(fā)生,引起火災(zāi)、爆炸和中毒等事件的發(fā)生,對(duì)人員造成傷亡、破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境,并給國民經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來重大損失。本文通過對(duì)國內(nèi)外輸油管道安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)和相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行歸納,對(duì)國外管道失效的歷史數(shù)據(jù)作為調(diào)查依據(jù),構(gòu)建包括管道安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素、失效頻率、管道事故后果分析的輸油管道安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)模型,同時(shí)根據(jù)模型結(jié)合延長油田輸油管道的實(shí)際情況,對(duì)吳起—延煉輸油管道安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)進(jìn)行分析,主要研究工作如下:(1)對(duì)我國管道事故進(jìn)行分析,管道失效主要由于腐蝕、第三方破壞、操作不當(dāng)和設(shè)計(jì)的問題引發(fā),并對(duì)埋地原油長輸管道的主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,腐蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、第三方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行分析。(2)提出基于基礎(chǔ)泄漏率的失效頻率計(jì)算模型,以肯特評(píng)分法為基礎(chǔ),通過云模型的規(guī)則發(fā)生器和逆向云發(fā)生器對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素評(píng)分進(jìn)行修正,并采用熵值法來確定我國埋地原油長輸管道中的各類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的權(quán)重值,根據(jù)評(píng)分值采用修正系數(shù)的方法對(duì)失效頻率進(jìn)行修正,確定失效頻率的計(jì)算模型。(3)針對(duì)埋地原油管道在輸送過程中存在熱損失和壓力損失,建立埋地原油管道的溫降和壓降模型,計(jì)算原油管道在泄漏點(diǎn)的物性參數(shù),以確定原油管道在不同條件下的泄漏速率。采用池火災(zāi)模型計(jì)算在不同泄漏量時(shí),熱輻射對(duì)管道周圍的人和建筑物的影響范圍。(4)在吳起—延煉輸油管道具體項(xiàng)目運(yùn)用過程中,對(duì)對(duì)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管段,進(jìn)行事故后果模擬,確定其事故影響范圍,總體來看吳起—延煉輸油管道安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy in China, the pipeline transportation industry develops rapidly, forming a large number of pipeline networks and gas supply systems. Under the influence of supply and demand, the related infrastructure of long-distance oil and gas pipeline still needs to be built on a large scale, in order to ensure the safe operation of pipeline and the rational distribution of maintenance resources, Risk assessment is the most effective method to control risk factors. If the evaluation of the pipe section is not in place, it may lead to the uneven distribution of resources used to maintain the safety of the pipeline, the occurrence of failure accidents in serious cases, the occurrence of fire, explosion and poisoning, and the death and injury of the personnel. Destroy ecological environment, and bring great loss to national economy. In this paper, the safety risk assessment technology and related literature of oil pipeline are summarized, and the historical data of pipeline failure are investigated, including pipeline safety risk factors and failure frequency. The safety risk assessment model of oil pipeline based on the consequence analysis of pipeline accident, and the safety risk assessment technology of Wuqi-Yan-Lian oil pipeline are analyzed according to the actual situation of the oil pipeline in Yanchang Oilfield, according to the model and the actual situation of the oil pipeline in Yanchang Oilfield. The main research work is as follows: (1) Analysis of pipeline accidents in China. Pipeline failures are mainly caused by corrosion, third party damage, improper operation and design problems. The main risk factors of buried crude oil pipeline are corrosion risk. Third party risk, operational risk and design risk are analyzed. 2) A failure frequency calculation model based on basic leakage rate is proposed, which is based on Kent score method. Through cloud model rule generator and reverse cloud generator, the risk factor score is modified, and entropy method is used to determine the weight of all kinds of risk factors in buried crude oil pipeline in China. According to the evaluation value, the failure frequency is corrected by the method of correction coefficient, and the calculation model of failure frequency is determined. (3) aiming at the heat loss and pressure loss of buried crude oil pipeline in the course of transportation, The temperature drop and pressure drop models of buried crude oil pipeline were established and the physical parameters of the pipeline at the leak point were calculated to determine the leakage rate of the pipeline under different conditions. Using pool fire model to calculate the influence range of heat radiation on the people and buildings around the pipeline when different leakage amount.) in the application process of Wuqi-Yanling oil pipeline project, the accident consequence of high risk pipeline section is simulated. To determine the scope of impact of the accident, the overall Wuqi-Yanchang pipeline safety risk is relatively small.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE88

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