本文選題：放噴管線 + 固定�。� 參考：《西南石油大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：鉆井過程中,除做好防噴、防火、防爆、防毒工作外,最主要的是搞好井控工作。而放噴管線是井控裝置的重要組成部分。川渝地區(qū)高壓油氣井進行鉆井放噴過程中,由于地形起伏或管內流體介質(泥漿、油、氣、水等)的不穩(wěn)定流動,如壓力脈動、流度變化、介質頂替等因素,造成弱約束或少約束的放噴管線抬升或擺動；有彎頭的地方,在流場誘發(fā)的振動作用下,甚至會產生“拉直”效應。此外,壓塊尺寸、重量、固定點位置設計不合理等情況,均容易使固定約束松脫,還有可能引起管道破損、油氣外流。因此,對放噴管線不能做到很好的固定,可能由此引發(fā)嚴重的安全事故。 從目前調研情況來看,國內除了少數地面流程對放噴管線采用可移動式水泥基墩進行固定外,大多采用水泥基墩加地腳螺栓固定放噴管線,確保管線不劇烈擺動。盡管目前對放噴管線的安裝能夠按照井控細則實施,具體設置可能根據不同的現場管線長度和不同的放噴壓力和排量稍有變化,但到底是由經驗得來；而對移動式水泥基墩的安放間距和大小設計更是缺乏必要的理論依據,這在實際工程應用中造成了較大資源浪費。此外,采用挖筑水泥基墩固定管線的方式,不僅占用了耕地,復耕難度大,欠環(huán)保,而且在放噴作業(yè)前還需預先用混凝土澆鑄基墩坑,固定地腳螺栓,再將管線壓板固定在地腳螺栓上,相當耗時耗力。 為解決上述問題,本文有針對性地,就采用可移動式水泥基墩來固定放噴管線進行了研究。為此,本文著力分析了放噴管線在管內流體作用下的振動和穩(wěn)定性,并就可移動式水泥基墩在放噴管線上的安放間距和尺寸設計,做了以下工作： (1)針對高壓放噴管線,詳細分析了放噴管線的振動和穩(wěn)定性,認為穩(wěn)定是放噴系統(tǒng)能夠正常運行的首要的條件,這為放噴管線的固定提供了設計思路。 (2)根據屈曲失穩(wěn)原理對放噴管線進行穩(wěn)定性判斷,確定了7個放噴工況下,放噴管線上各固定點的位置,并據此作為設計固定點的理論依據； (3)基于瞬態(tài)單向流固耦合仿真,不僅分析了7個工況下放噴管線的變形和應力狀態(tài),同時對各壓力等級下的彎頭強度進行了判斷,最重要的是計算得到了各固定點的作用力,為后續(xù)設計移動式水泥基墩的尺寸提供了參考依據。
[Abstract]:In the course of drilling, in addition to blowout prevention, fire prevention, explosion proof and anti-virus work, the most important thing is to do well control work, and the discharge pipe line is an important part of the well control device. In the process of drilling and injection in the Sichuan Chongqing region high pressure oil and gas well, the unstable flow of the fluid or the fluid medium in the tube (mud, oil, gas, water and so on), such as pressure pulsation, in the process of drilling and injection in the Sichuan Chongqing Region The change of the flow rate, the displacement of the medium and other factors lead to the uplift or swinging of the tube line with the weak constraint or the less constraint, and the place of the elbow can even have the "straightening" effect under the action of the vibration induced by the flow field. In addition, the design of the pressure block size, weight, and the position of the fixed point is unsuitable, and it is easy to release the fixed constraints and may also be caused. The pipeline is damaged and the oil and gas outflow. Therefore, the nozzle line can not be well fixed, which may cause serious safety accidents.
According to the present investigation, in addition to a few ground processes, most of the movable cement based piers are fixed to the discharge pipe line, most of which are fixed with the cement piers and anchor bolts to ensure that the pipeline does not swing violently. Although the installation of the pipe line can be implemented according to the well control rules, the specific setting may not be based on the present conditions. The length of the same field pipeline and the different discharge pressure and displacement have changed slightly, but in the end it is from experience, but it is lack of the necessary theoretical basis for the space and size design of the moving cement base piers, which has caused great waste of resources in practical engineering application. It not only takes up the arable land, but it is difficult to ploughing and is under environmental protection, and it is necessary to cast the foundation pits in advance with concrete before the discharge operation, fix the anchor bolts, and then fix the pipeline plate on the foot bolt, which is quite time-consuming and consuming.
In order to solve the above problems, this paper focuses on the use of movable cement based piers to fix the nozzle line. In this paper, the vibration and stability of the nozzle line under the action of the fluid in the tube are analyzed, and the following work is done on the space and size design of the movable cement piers on the discharge pipe line.
(1) according to the high pressure discharge nozzle line, the vibration and stability of the nozzle line are analyzed in detail. It is considered that stability is the primary condition for the normal operation of the discharge system, which provides a design idea for the fixing of the nozzle line.
(2) according to the buckling instability principle, the stability of the nozzle line is judged, and the position of the fixed points on the nozzle line is determined under the 7 discharge conditions, which is the theoretical basis for the design of the fixed point.
(3) based on the transient unidirectional fluid solid coupling simulation, not only the deformation and stress state of the nozzle line in the 7 working conditions are analyzed, but also the strength of the elbow under each pressure level is judged. The most important thing is to calculate the forces of each fixed point, which provides a reference for the subsequent design of the size of the movable cement piers.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE921.5

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