本文選題：游梁式抽油機(jī) + 劣化��； 參考：《新疆大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：游梁式抽油機(jī)是我國油田生產(chǎn)中最常見的設(shè)備,因其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、操作方便、制造容易、使用壽命長、適應(yīng)不同工況而被廣泛應(yīng)用。為降低能耗、提高平衡性性與穩(wěn)定性等,生產(chǎn)廠家對游梁式抽油機(jī)進(jìn)行改造,并研發(fā)出新機(jī)型。但在應(yīng)用中,這些新機(jī)型卻暴露出可靠性差、故障率高、零部件易損壞等各種問題,嚴(yán)重影響油田正常生產(chǎn)。本文結(jié)合油田生產(chǎn)中游梁式抽油機(jī)出現(xiàn)的破壞問題,從它的類型、結(jié)構(gòu)、原理及作業(yè)環(huán)境入手,分析其劣化、故障的機(jī)理,并建立了該設(shè)備的故障樹。根據(jù)嚴(yán)重程度對常見故障進(jìn)行了等級劃分,并將致命故障中的驢頭和可調(diào)配重體掉落這兩種極端狀況的劣化作為本文的研究重點(diǎn)。運(yùn)用HyperMesh軟件,對在UG環(huán)境下建好的游梁式抽油機(jī)三維模型進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分,并建立其合理的有限元模型。在ADAMS軟件中實(shí)現(xiàn)了游梁式抽油機(jī)的多體動力學(xué)系統(tǒng),其動力學(xué)分析的結(jié)果與實(shí)際抽油機(jī)出現(xiàn)的劣化和故障等問題相符合。借助非線性有限元理論,運(yùn)用ANSYS/LS-DYNA軟件,模擬了驢頭的跌落過程,建立了驢頭和可調(diào)配重體掉落兩種極端狀況下的游梁式抽油機(jī)劣化仿真系統(tǒng)。求解該系統(tǒng)的K文件并運(yùn)用LS-PREPOST對其仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行后處理。其結(jié)果符合能量守恒定律,仿真模擬正確。實(shí)現(xiàn)了游梁式抽油機(jī)自身部件的接觸碰撞,確定了該設(shè)備出現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)的部位,直觀的顯現(xiàn)兩種極端狀況下的故障型劣化給該設(shè)備帶來的破壞性及后果。通過對比分析和研究兩種極端狀況下的故障型劣化給游梁式抽油機(jī)自身帶來的破壞,得出驢頭的掉落給抽油機(jī)自身帶來的破壞性更大。針對游梁式抽油機(jī)劣化這一問題,提出有效的預(yù)防措施,降低故障率,避免突發(fā)故障型劣化的發(fā)生,提高社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。同時(shí),對關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。為今后游梁式抽油機(jī)的全尺寸檢測、結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)及優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供一定的依據(jù)和重要的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Beam pumping unit is the most common equipment in oil field production in China. It is widely used because of its simple structure, convenient operation, easy manufacture, long service life and adaptability to different working conditions. In order to reduce the energy consumption and improve the balance and stability, the manufacturer modified the beam pumping unit and developed a new model. However, in application, these new models have exposed many problems, such as poor reliability, high failure rate and easy damage of parts, which seriously affect the normal production of oil fields. Based on the damage problem of beam pumping unit in the middle reaches of oil field, this paper analyzes its deterioration and failure mechanism from its type, structure, principle and working environment, and establishes the fault tree of the equipment. The common faults are classified according to the severity, and the deterioration of the two extreme conditions of donkey head and adjustable counterweight fall in the fatal fault is considered as the focus of this paper. Using HyperMesh software, the three-dimensional model of beam pumping unit built in UG environment is meshed, and its reasonable finite element model is established. The multi-body dynamics system of beam pumping unit is realized in ADAMS software. The results of dynamic analysis are in agreement with the problems of deterioration and failure of actual pumping unit. With the help of nonlinear finite element theory and ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, the dropping process of donkey head is simulated, and the simulation system of beam pumping unit deterioration is established under two extreme conditions: donkey head and adjustable counterweight drop. The K file of the system is solved and the simulation results are processed by LS-PREPOST. The results are in accordance with the law of conservation of energy and the simulation is correct. The contact collision of the components of the beam pumping unit is realized, the dangerous position of the equipment is determined, and the damage and consequence of the equipment caused by the deterioration of the fault type under two extreme conditions are shown intuitively. Through the comparative analysis and study on the damage of the beam pumping unit caused by the failure deterioration under two extreme conditions, it is concluded that the drop of the donkey head brings more damage to the pumping unit itself. In view of the problem of beam pumping unit deterioration, effective preventive measures are put forward to reduce the failure rate, to avoid the sudden failure deterioration, and to improve the social and economic benefits. At the same time, the key components are improved and optimized. It provides a certain basis and important reference value for the full size inspection, structure improvement and optimization design of beam pumping units in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE933.1

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本文編號：1863250