本文選題：石油普查 + 無(wú)機(jī)生油��； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)》2017年03期

【摘要】：新中國(guó)成立后石油勘探的第一個(gè)成功范例是1958年大慶油田的發(fā)現(xiàn)和開發(fā)。相應(yīng)的概念上的創(chuàng)新是顛覆了只有海相地層才能找到大油田,確立陸相地層中同樣可以找到大油田。普查勘探方法上的革新是采用了先進(jìn)的地球物理方法開展戰(zhàn)略性大面積普查,不再局限于幾個(gè)地表有油苗的山前盆地進(jìn)行工作。尋找石油資源急需開辟一個(gè)新的領(lǐng)域。其特點(diǎn)是普查勘探的對(duì)象不局限于地殼,還要拓寬到研究巖石圈。思想上的創(chuàng)新是要摒棄海相生油和陸相生油等陳舊生油理論,確立地幔生油的新思維。根據(jù)物理學(xué)熱力學(xué)理論,甲烷是唯一一種在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溫壓條件下穩(wěn)定的碳?xì)浠衔?直鏈烷屬烴只有在壓力3 MPa溫度700°C時(shí)(相當(dāng)于地下深度約100 km)才有可能形成。因此,海相生油理論和陸相生油理論都不靠譜,在地表賦存的不論是海相地層還是陸相地層內(nèi)都不能生油,油氣是地幔內(nèi)(軟流圈)無(wú)機(jī)生成,然后運(yùn)移到海相盆地或陸相盆地中聚集成藏的。海相油田或陸相油田是儲(chǔ)存的條件不同,但不是生成油田的機(jī)制不同。地球物理對(duì)尋找幔內(nèi)生油區(qū)有獨(dú)特的作用,許多石油地質(zhì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,地球物理揭示的巖石圈內(nèi)的低速低阻層與深藏油層有密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。并且我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在已開發(fā)的油田下方往往有軟流圈物質(zhì)的積聚。這些軟流圈物質(zhì)常常富有強(qiáng)烈的活動(dòng)性,它們可以穿透覆蓋在它們上面的地幔物質(zhì)來(lái)到殼幔邊界,在地幔中形成一個(gè)蘑菇云狀的構(gòu)造。這為開辟找石油的深層源頭找到了捷徑。根據(jù)中國(guó)地震層析資料探測(cè)得到的地幔內(nèi)存在的低速帶,以及區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景條件,筆者提出中國(guó)3片找油最有遠(yuǎn)景的地區(qū),即東亞西太平洋裂谷區(qū)、東特提斯地幔隆升區(qū)以及新疆深斷裂分布地區(qū):(1)東亞西太平洋低速帶是在中新生代時(shí),東亞大陸邊緣巖石圈裂變所形成。它包括深淺、范圍、形態(tài)各不相同的3個(gè)帶。從西向東依次為:松遼—華北—東南沿海陸內(nèi)裂谷帶;日本�！S海—東�！虾|亞邊緣海裂谷帶,以及四國(guó)海盆—帕里西維拉海盆—巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞洋內(nèi)裂谷帶(2)東特提斯隆升區(qū)是指中國(guó)西南的蘭坪盆地、思茅盆地、楚雄盆地為中心的一個(gè)地區(qū),它們?cè)九c當(dāng)今最富油氣的中東地區(qū)同屬一個(gè)構(gòu)造帶,約在5 Ma時(shí)由于印度板塊的向北挺進(jìn),青藏高原隆升,在這一地區(qū)的構(gòu)造受到前所未有的破壞,但仍有殘余下來(lái)可能含油氣地區(qū)。(3)新疆地區(qū)由于受到印度地塊的擠壓,形成一系列背型和向型構(gòu)造。深藏油氣只能從切割它們的深大斷裂中溢流到地表。筆者根據(jù)衛(wèi)星重力資料,提出巴彥敖包—西寧不連續(xù)帶;淖毛湖—茫崖不連續(xù)帶;于田—克里雅河不連續(xù)帶和阿拉木圖—塔什庫(kù)爾干不連續(xù)帶等4條不連續(xù)帶。它們都可能是深層石油上升的通道,希望能引起找油專家們關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:The first successful example of petroleum exploration after the founding of new China is the discovery and development of the Daqing oil field in 1958. The conceptual innovation is to subvert only marine strata to find large oil fields and to establish large oil fields in continental strata. The innovation of the method of survey exploration is to use advanced geophysical methods to carry out the exploration method. The strategic large area census is no longer limited to the work of several mountain front basins with oil seedlings. The search for oil resources is in urgent need of a new field. Its characteristics are that the object of the survey is not confined to the earth's crust, but also to the study of the lithosphere. The innovation of the thought is to abandon the old theory of oil raw and terrestrial oil. In accordance with the theory of physical thermodynamics, methane is the only kind of hydrocarbon stable under the standard temperature and pressure conditions. The alkane is only possible when the pressure is 3 MPa C (equivalent to about 100 km underground). Therefore, the theory of marine oil generation and the theory of terrestrial oil are not reliable. It can not produce oil in marine and continental strata, and the oil and gas are inorganic formation in the mantle (asthenosphere), and then migrate into the marine basin or continental basin to accumulate. The marine or continental oil fields are different in storage conditions, but not in the formation of oil fields. It is unique that many petroleum geologists believe that the low velocity, low resistance layer within the lithosphere revealed by geophysics is closely related to the deep reservoir. And we find that there are often the accumulation of the asthenosphere material under the developed oil fields. These soft ring substances are often rich in activity, and they can penetrate into it. The mantle material above the mantle comes to the crust and mantle boundary and forms a mushroom cloud structure in the mantle. This has found a shortcut to open up the deep source of oil search. According to the seismic tomography data of China, the low velocity zone in the mantle and the regional geological background conditions have been found, and the authors put forward 3 areas with the most prospect for oil exploration in China, that is, The East Asian Western Pacific Rift area, the East Tethys mantle uplift area and the Xinjiang deep fault distribution area: (1) the East Asia Western Pacific low velocity zone is formed during the Mesozoic Cenozoic, the lithosphere fission of the continental margin of East Asia. It includes the depth, the range, and the different morphology of the 3 zones. Valley belt, Japan Sea - the Yellow Sea - East China Sea - South China Sea rift zone, and the four nation Sea Basin - Parisi Vera basin - Papua New Guinea ocean inner rift zone (2) Don Teti Sloan liter area refers to the Lanping basin in southwestern China, the Simao basin and the Chuxiong basin as the center, which were originally in the Middle East of the most rich oil and gas. The region belongs to a tectonic belt, about 5 Ma, due to the northward advance of the India plate and the uplift of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the structure of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau has been destroyed unprecedentedly, but there is still a residual oil and gas bearing region. (3) the Xinjiang region formed a series of back and direction structures due to the extrusion of the India massif. According to the satellite gravity data, the author puts forward 4 discontinuous belts of Bayan OBO - Xining, Nao Mao Lake - manmana, the discontinuous belt of Yutian River and the discontinuous zone of Almaty - tash and reservoir. All of them may be the channels of deep oil rising. Oil seeking experts are concerned.

【作者單位】： 中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局發(fā)展研究中心;中國(guó)石油新疆油田分公司;中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院地質(zhì)研究所;
【基金】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局“主要地質(zhì)單元區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查與片區(qū)總結(jié)”(1212011120115)項(xiàng)目資助成果~~
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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