本文選題：廢齒輪油 + 萃取-絮凝��； 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：廢油再生作為一種廢油資源化利用方式,已受到國(guó)內(nèi)外研究人員的廣泛關(guān)注。但國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有再生工藝較為落后,再生副產(chǎn)物難處理,且缺乏對(duì)廢油和再生油的全面評(píng)估。為此,本文以廢齒輪油為研究對(duì)象,開(kāi)展了廢油再生特性及調(diào)合過(guò)程試驗(yàn)研究,以期為廢油再生的工業(yè)化應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。提出了一種萃取絮凝與溶劑精制相結(jié)合的再生工藝,將所得再生油與新油摻混形成高質(zhì)量調(diào)合油,從而在完成廢油再生利用的同時(shí)具備經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)保的優(yōu)勢(shì)。論文首先系統(tǒng)分析了新廢油的理化特性和化學(xué)成分,實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得廢油是粘度較高、酸性和腐蝕性較強(qiáng)、粘溫特性和安全性能較差、雜質(zhì)含量較多的復(fù)雜化合物；通過(guò)熱重實(shí)驗(yàn)(TG)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)廢油的氧化安定性能較差,主要由于廢油中烴類(lèi)發(fā)生裂解和聚合反應(yīng),生成低沸點(diǎn)物質(zhì)和膠質(zhì)、瀝青質(zhì)等高聚物；采用FTIR分析得到廢油中含有酸類(lèi)、酮類(lèi)、醛類(lèi)、醚類(lèi)、醇類(lèi)、酚類(lèi)、含氮化合物以及芳香族化合物等新油中基本不存在的有機(jī)化合物。為了提升廢油品質(zhì),建立了廢油再生試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),開(kāi)展了廢油萃取-絮凝再生特性研究。通過(guò)以丁酮作為基礎(chǔ)組分,并加入一定量絮凝組分異丙醇組成復(fù)合萃取劑,確定了異丙醇：丁酮=3：1為復(fù)合萃取劑最佳配比；考察了預(yù)處理油產(chǎn)率和質(zhì)量隨萃取-絮凝工藝關(guān)鍵參數(shù)(劑油比、萃取溫度、萃取時(shí)間和KOH添加量)的變化規(guī)律；結(jié)合正交試驗(yàn)的極差和方差分析,綜合得到復(fù)合萃取劑萃取-絮凝試驗(yàn)的最佳工況為劑油比5：1、萃取溫度20℃、萃取時(shí)間15min KOH添加量4g/kg萃取劑,在此條件下獲得的預(yù)處理油產(chǎn)率為81.6%,酸值為0.28 mg KOH/g。分別選取NMP和活性白土為溶劑和吸附劑,對(duì)預(yù)處理油進(jìn)行溶劑精制／吸附精制工藝的對(duì)比試驗(yàn)研究�？疾炝藘煞N精制工藝關(guān)鍵參數(shù)對(duì)再生油產(chǎn)率和酸值的影響；對(duì)兩種精制工藝進(jìn)行多方面綜合評(píng)價(jià),選取NMP溶劑精制為預(yù)處理油較優(yōu)精制工藝；劑油比4：1、精制溫度60℃、精制時(shí)間20min、沉降時(shí)間12h為NMP溶劑精制單因素最佳工況,在此工況下得到再生油的顏色有明顯改善,運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度、粘度指數(shù)、酸值、水分等物性指標(biāo)都向品質(zhì)提升方向發(fā)生改變。最后,以再生基礎(chǔ)油和新油為研究對(duì)象,研究再生油與同類(lèi)新油不同摻混比下調(diào)合油的理化特性和潤(rùn)滑性能。從運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度、酸值、閃點(diǎn)、機(jī)械雜質(zhì)、傾點(diǎn)和水分等方面分析調(diào)合油的性質(zhì),通過(guò)試驗(yàn)總結(jié)出適用于再生油與新油的理化特性調(diào)合計(jì)算模型。使用四球摩擦試驗(yàn)機(jī)通過(guò)極壓、減摩和耐磨性能全面分析調(diào)合油的潤(rùn)滑性能,提出37.5%為調(diào)合油中再生油的最佳體積比。對(duì)再生工藝的完整流程進(jìn)行工程經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析,并設(shè)計(jì)了一套便攜式的廢油再生裝置,為后續(xù)工程試驗(yàn)的展開(kāi)做準(zhǔn)備。
[Abstract]:As a way of recycling waste oil, waste oil regeneration has been widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad. However, the existing regeneration process in China is relatively backward, the regeneration by-products are difficult to deal with, and the comprehensive evaluation of waste oil and regenerated oil is lacking. Therefore, this paper takes waste gear oil as the research object, and carries out the experimental study on the regeneration characteristics and blending process of waste oil, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the industrial application of waste oil regeneration. A regeneration process combining extraction flocculation with solvent refining was proposed. The regenerated oil was mixed with new oil to form high quality blending oil, which had the advantages of economic and environmental protection while recycling the waste oil. Firstly, the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the new waste oil are systematically analyzed. The experimental results show that the waste oil is a complex compound with high viscosity, strong acidity and corrosiveness, poor viscosity and temperature properties, and high impurity content. The oxidation stability of waste oil was found to be poor by thermogravimetric analysis, mainly due to the cracking and polymerization of hydrocarbons in the waste oil, resulting in the formation of low boiling point substances and polymers such as colloid, asphaltene, etc. By FTIR analysis, acids were found in the waste oil. Ketones, aldehydes, ethers, alcohols, phenols, nitrogen-containing compounds, aromatic compounds, etc. In order to improve the quality of waste oil, a waste oil regeneration test system was established, and the characteristics of waste oil extraction and flocculation regeneration were studied. By using butanone as the basic component and adding a certain amount of flocculation component isopropanol to form the compound extractant, the optimum ratio of isopropanol: butanone 3: 1 was determined. The variation of oil yield and quality with the key parameters of extraction-flocculation process (solvent / oil ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and KOH addition) were investigated, and the range and variance of orthogonal test were analyzed. The optimum conditions of extraction-flocculation test of compound extractant are as follows: solvent / oil ratio 5: 1, extraction temperature 20 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1807230