本文選題：Gemini季銨鹽 + 粘土穩(wěn)定劑�。� 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：粘土礦物廣泛存在于低滲透油田儲層中,可以引起較強(qiáng)的水敏性。粘土防膨穩(wěn)定劑能有效的防止儲層粘土膨脹,經(jīng)過多年的研究歷程,已逐漸趨于完善,但在使用方面仍然沿用基地配制穩(wěn)定劑的方式，，用槽車運(yùn)輸?shù)阶鳂I(yè)現(xiàn)場。在北方寒冷地區(qū),如大慶油田、長慶油田,由于這種作業(yè)方法,存在低溫下穩(wěn)定劑易結(jié)冰或析出固體,造成參數(shù)不準(zhǔn)而大量浪費(fèi)穩(wěn)定劑,而且結(jié)冰的穩(wěn)定劑給運(yùn)輸和儲存造成困擾,無法直接用于作業(yè)等缺點(diǎn)。因此,研究低溫下耐寒防凍型防膨穩(wěn)定劑,對注水開采寒冷地區(qū)的油田作業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,將提供強(qiáng)有力的技術(shù)保障。本文選用三乙胺和環(huán)氧氯丙烷,合成了一種中低分子量的Gemini季銨鹽粘土防膨穩(wěn)定劑,以丙三醇為防凍單體,通過添加丙三醇降低穩(wěn)定劑的凝固點(diǎn),并復(fù)配無機(jī)鹽KCl提高防膨率。為了提高粘土防膨穩(wěn)定劑的防膨性與長效性,本文討論了反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時間、反應(yīng)物摩爾比等反應(yīng)條件,得出了最佳合成工藝。通過元素分析、熔點(diǎn)分析和活性物含量分析,確定了合成產(chǎn)物純度。通過防膨?qū)嶒?yàn)、巖屑回收實(shí)驗(yàn)、巖芯溶失實(shí)驗(yàn)測得穩(wěn)定劑具有較好的吸附穩(wěn)定效果。本文在新型耐寒粘土防膨穩(wěn)定劑的制備研究及防膨評價實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,獲得了以下五個結(jié)論：1、以環(huán)氧氯丙烷、三乙胺兩種物質(zhì)為原料,反應(yīng)合成了Gemini季銨鹽粘土防膨穩(wěn)定劑,并從反應(yīng)的時間、反應(yīng)的溫度、單體摩爾比等條件對合成過程進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化；使用亞甲基藍(lán)反滴定法,得出雙季銨鹽的產(chǎn)品純度為94.6%；通過電導(dǎo)率法測得產(chǎn)物的臨界膠束濃度為4.8mmol/L。2、通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室防膨?qū)嶒?yàn),分析了合成的季銨鹽粘土防膨穩(wěn)定劑的防膨性能,并對防膨性能、巖屑回收率、巖芯溶失率等進(jìn)行了測定,表現(xiàn)出對粘土的良好穩(wěn)定效果。確定了穩(wěn)定劑的最佳注入濃度。3、將合成的Gemini季銨鹽防膨穩(wěn)定劑和防凍單體丙三醇結(jié)合,經(jīng)過多次低溫實(shí)驗(yàn),確定了配制成的耐寒型穩(wěn)定劑在-20℃下沒有析出晶體時丙三醇的最低濃度,并測得防膨率為81.2%。4、將合成的耐寒型防膨穩(wěn)定劑和無機(jī)鹽KCl、NH4Cl復(fù)配,進(jìn)行防膨?qū)嶒?yàn)優(yōu)選,提高穩(wěn)定劑的防膨率。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明復(fù)配KCl后溶液的防膨率與復(fù)配NH4Cl的溶液相比,明顯提高,可達(dá)83.6%。5、對復(fù)配后的耐寒型Gemini季銨鹽防膨穩(wěn)定劑進(jìn)行了緩蝕性能測定,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明對A3碳鋼具有一定的緩蝕性,可以對運(yùn)輸和儲存過程中使用的儲罐起到有效的保護(hù)作用。
[Abstract]:Clay minerals are widely found in reservoirs in low permeability oil fields and can cause strong water sensitivity. Clay anti swelling stabilizers can effectively prevent the expansion of reservoir clay. After years of research, the clay minerals have been gradually improved. However, the use of the stabilizer is still used in the way of using the base to transport the tank to the site. In the area, such as the Daqing oilfield and Changqing Oilfield, because of this operation method, the stabilizers are easy to freeze or precipitate at low temperature, causing a large amount of stabilizers to waste the parameters, and the ice stabilizers have caused difficulties in transportation and storage, and can not be used directly in the operation. Therefore, the cold resistant anti swelling stabilizers at low temperature are studied. The development of oilfield operation technology in cold area with water injection will provide strong technical support. In this paper, three ethylamine and epichlorohydrin are selected, and a medium and low molecular weight Gemini quaternary ammonium salt clay anti swelling stabilizer is synthesized. Using glycerol as antifreeze monomer, the solidifying point of stabilizer is reduced by adding propane three alcohol, and the inorganic salt KCl is mixed. To improve the anti expansion rate. In order to improve the anti swelling and long effect of clay anti swelling stabilizer, the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of reactant are discussed in this paper. The optimum synthesis process is obtained. The purity of the synthetic product is determined by elemental analysis, melting point analysis and active substance content analysis. In this paper, the following five conclusions were obtained on the basis of the study on the preparation of a new cold resistant clay anti swelling stabilizer and the anti expansion evaluation experiment. 1, the Gemini quaternary ammonium salt clay anti swelling stabilizer was synthesized by the reaction of epoxy chloropropane and three ethylamine, and the anti swelling stabilizer was synthesized. The reaction time, the reaction temperature, the monomer mole ratio and other conditions were optimized. The product purity of the double quaternary ammonium salt was 94.6% with the methylene blue titration method, and the critical micelle concentration of the product was 4.8mmol/L.2 by the conductivity method. The anti expansion of the synthetic quaternary ammonium salt clay was analyzed by the laboratory anti expansion experiment. The anti swelling property of the stabilizer was measured, and the anti swelling property, the debris recovery rate and the core dissolving rate were measured. The good stability of the clay was shown. The optimum injection concentration of the stabilizer.3 was determined. The synthesized Gemini quaternary ammonium salt anti swelling stabilizer and the antifreeze monomer glycerin were combined. After several low temperature experiments, the preparation resistance was determined. The cold type stabilizer has the lowest concentration of glycerol when the crystal is not precipitated at -20 C, and the anti swelling rate is 81.2%.4. The combination of cold resistant anti swelling stabilizer and inorganic salt KCl and NH4Cl is used to optimize the anti expansion experiment and improve the anti expansion rate of the stabilizer. The experiment shows that the anti expansion rate of the solution after the compound KCl is obviously compared with the solution of the compound NH4Cl. Up to 83.6%.5, the corrosion inhibition performance of the cold resistant Gemini quaternary ammonium salt stabilizer after the compound is measured. The experimental results show that the corrosion resistance of A3 carbon steel has a certain corrosion resistance, which can effectively protect the storage tank used in the process of transportation and storage.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE39

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