本文選題：密封結(jié)構(gòu) + 應(yīng)力分析�。� 參考：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在石油煉制工業(yè)中,延遲焦化被作為一種國內(nèi)外廣泛應(yīng)用的渣油處理工藝,焦炭塔是整套裝置中的核心設(shè)備。由于該工藝的特殊性,處于焦炭塔底部的底蓋機(jī)的工作環(huán)境較為復(fù)雜,需要承受循環(huán)往復(fù)的熱載荷和壓力載荷的作用。因此,提高底蓋機(jī)強(qiáng)度、改善系統(tǒng)的密封性能成為優(yōu)化焦炭塔的首要任務(wù),以達(dá)到保證安全生產(chǎn)、降低工人工作強(qiáng)度以及提高裝置工作效率的目的。本文提出了一種新型液壓-卡扎里焦炭塔自動(dòng)底蓋機(jī)系統(tǒng),它采用液壓控制垂直開蓋技術(shù),利用液壓頂緊器產(chǎn)生密封力,為改進(jìn)的卡扎里密封系統(tǒng)提供密封力。底蓋啟閉和壓緊動(dòng)作分別執(zhí)行,開關(guān)蓋動(dòng)作簡單可靠。依據(jù)有關(guān)理論,對(duì)卡扎里密封系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),并對(duì)此密封系統(tǒng)的密封力及施加密封力的裝置進(jìn)行了分析計(jì)算。由于焦炭塔底蓋裝置結(jié)構(gòu)型式和尺寸等參量較多,承受載荷較為復(fù)雜,很難由經(jīng)典理論力學(xué)計(jì)算得出,而通過有限元的方法可以得到較為貼近實(shí)際的結(jié)果。首先,對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了穩(wěn)態(tài)溫度場(chǎng)和熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合場(chǎng)的分析,選擇關(guān)鍵截面定義線性化路徑,將線性化的應(yīng)力與許用值進(jìn)行比較,各應(yīng)力均在許用范圍內(nèi)。其次,分別采用了傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法和PVRC新設(shè)計(jì)方法對(duì)八角墊的密封性能進(jìn)行了評(píng)定,評(píng)定合格。再次,對(duì)該密封結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行疲勞評(píng)定,滿足疲勞要求。結(jié)果表明,該結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性與密封性能均滿足要求。最后,采用枚舉法和數(shù)值模擬法,分別對(duì)焦炭塔開孔的筒體壁厚、接管壁厚及接管內(nèi)伸長度這個(gè)影響因素進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化分析,確定了這三個(gè)因素對(duì)焦炭塔開孔的影響規(guī)律。綜上所述,證明采用液壓-卡扎里焦炭塔自動(dòng)底蓋機(jī)密封結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度可靠,密封性能良好,具有良好的工業(yè)化應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:In the petroleum refining industry, delayed coking is widely used as a residue treatment process at home and abroad, and the coke tower is the core equipment in the whole plant. Because of the particularity of this process, the working environment of the bottom cover machine located at the bottom of the coke tower is more complex, and it needs to bear the effect of cyclic heat load and pressure load. Therefore, to improve the strength of the bottom cover machine and improve the sealing performance of the system becomes the primary task of optimizing the coke tower, in order to ensure the safety of production, reduce the working intensity of the workers and improve the working efficiency of the unit. In this paper, a new type of hydraulic automatic bottom cover system for Kajari coke tower is presented. It adopts the technology of hydraulic control to open the cap vertically. The sealing force is produced by the hydraulic jacking device, which provides the sealing force for the improved Kazari sealing system. The opening and closing of the bottom cover and the pressing action are carried out respectively, and the switch cover action is simple and reliable. According to the relevant theory, the structural design of Kazari seal system is carried out, and the sealing force and the device applied to the sealing system are analyzed and calculated. Because of the large number of parameters such as structure type and size of the bottom cover device of coke tower, and the complexity of bearing load, it is difficult to obtain from classical theoretical mechanics calculation, but the results can be obtained by finite element method. Firstly, the steady-state temperature field and thermal-structural coupling field of the structure are analyzed. The key sections are selected to define the linearization path, and the linearized stress is compared with the allowable value, and each stress is within the allowable range. Secondly, the sealing performance of octagonal gasket is evaluated by traditional design method and PVRC new design method. Thirdly, fatigue evaluation of the seal structure is carried out to meet the fatigue requirements. The results show that the integrity and sealing performance of the structure meet the requirements. Finally, by using enumeration method and numerical simulation method, the influence factors of the wall thickness of the coking tower, the wall thickness of the nozzle and the elongation of the nozzle are optimized and analyzed, respectively, and the influence of these three factors on the opening of the coke tower is determined. To sum up, it is proved that the sealing structure of the automatic bottom cover machine for the hydraulic-Kazari coke tower is reliable, the sealing performance is good, and it has a good prospect of industrial application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE962

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