本文關(guān)鍵詞：低碳經(jīng)濟與中國石油石化行業(yè)的發(fā)展，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

可持續(xù)發(fā)展；SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT；3.因地制宜，有效開發(fā)和利用新能源；中國不少油田地處風(fēng)能資源相對豐富的西北或東北地區(qū)；4.加強CCS和CCU技術(shù)的儲備和應(yīng)用；對于石油石化行業(yè)來說，雖然CCS和CCU的規(guī)�；�；域的進(jìn)展，加強技術(shù)的交流、引進(jìn)、消化和創(chuàng)新；5.加強減排管理和人才培養(yǎng)；強化節(jié)能減排制度建設(shè)和基礎(chǔ)工作，將節(jié)能減排貫穿到；參考

可 持 續(xù) 發(fā) 展

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

3. 因地制宜，有效開發(fā)和利用新能源

中國不少油田地處風(fēng)能資源相對豐富的西北或東北地區(qū)，具有開發(fā)風(fēng)力發(fā)電項目特有的優(yōu)勢，有些油田位于日照條件好的戈壁、沙漠等地區(qū)，可根據(jù)實際情況，有效利用陸上風(fēng)能和太陽能。同時，沿海地區(qū)的企業(yè)也要重視海上風(fēng)電的發(fā)展與利用。

4. 加強CCS和CCU技術(shù)的儲備和應(yīng)用

對于石油石化行業(yè)來說，雖然CCS和CCU的規(guī)�；l(fā)展和商業(yè)化利用還有很長的一段路要走，但也不能觀望和止步不前。為此，一要不斷加強能力建設(shè)，加強碳儲存研究，分析和評估CCS技術(shù)路線，將CCS作為前沿戰(zhàn)略技術(shù)加以儲備。中國東部開發(fā)強度較大的地區(qū)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)一些枯竭的油氣田區(qū)塊，經(jīng)過改造可以作為CO2儲集庫使用，同時可以謀求枯竭油氣田的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。二是重視CO2驅(qū)油技術(shù)，大力開發(fā)和應(yīng)用CO2化工利用技術(shù)。三要拓寬資金來源，努力爭取國家和國際機構(gòu)的支持。四要深化國際合作。跟蹤國際上CCS領(lǐng)

域的進(jìn)展，加強技術(shù)的交流、引進(jìn)、消化和創(chuàng)新。

5. 加強減排管理和人才培養(yǎng)

強化節(jié)能減排制度建設(shè)和基礎(chǔ)工作，將節(jié)能減排貫穿到勘探、開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、煉化、運輸?shù)拳h(huán)節(jié)的全過程。將減少CO2排放作為重要的生產(chǎn)、技術(shù)和管理變量，考慮整體效益。利用信息技術(shù)提升節(jié)能減排管理水平。提高全體員工的減排意識，為有效減排創(chuàng)造良好的企業(yè)文化氛圍。通過多種途徑，加強低碳技術(shù)人才和管理人才的儲備與培養(yǎng)，增強發(fā)展后勁。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1] 陳新華. 中國更應(yīng)注重低排放經(jīng)濟[J].瞭望新聞周刊，2009（46）.[2] 張坤民等. 低碳經(jīng)濟論[M].北京：中國環(huán)境科學(xué)出版社，2009.[3] 魏一鳴等. 中國能源報告（2008）：碳排放研究[M].北京：科

學(xué)出版社，2008.會，2008.

[4] IPCC. 氣候變化2007綜合報告[R].政府間氣候變化專門委員

收稿日期：2009－12－22

編 輯：張一馳

（上接第31頁）

論較多的是國際石油公司與國家石油公司的角色轉(zhuǎn)變以及國際油氣合作從資本主導(dǎo)向資源主導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)換。經(jīng)過國際金融危機的洗禮，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對世界石油工業(yè)發(fā)展的主導(dǎo)作用進(jìn)一步顯現(xiàn)，而國際大石油公司始終占領(lǐng)技術(shù)的制高點，正是它們能夠應(yīng)對國際風(fēng)云變幻、成為“百年老店”的法寶。石油未來的競爭和發(fā)展，必將更加依賴技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。

在上游領(lǐng)域，已探明的剩余常規(guī)油氣儲量中有相當(dāng)部分豐度低、難動用，已開發(fā)的老油田迫切需要提高采收率，而待探明的石油資源又大多分布在高原、山地、沙漠、黃土塬和海洋覆蓋地區(qū)，地下地面條件極其復(fù)雜，勘探開發(fā)難度很大。比如在近年來的全球重大石油發(fā)現(xiàn)中，就有一半來自海上，尤其是深水區(qū)域，再加上其他非常規(guī)資源的開發(fā)等，，無一不對技術(shù)創(chuàng)新提出更高的要求。在下游領(lǐng)域，圍繞提高產(chǎn)品收率和質(zhì)量、降低加工消耗和成本、推進(jìn)加工精細(xì)和深度，以及增強對高含硫或高含蠟油、重油、稠油及油砂等非常規(guī)資源加工的適應(yīng)性等方面的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，已經(jīng)成為企業(yè)生存發(fā)展的制勝之寶。同時，作為傳統(tǒng)能源產(chǎn)業(yè)，還需

要在新能源開發(fā)、節(jié)能減排特別是提高能源利用效率、高碳能源低碳化等方面，加大技術(shù)研發(fā)，為社會提供更加豐富的產(chǎn)品、技術(shù)服務(wù)等。

因此，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新才是未來石油產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展力量之源，企業(yè)核心競爭力之所在。無論什么時候都不能因手中掌握著一定的資本、資源和市場就高枕無憂而忽視創(chuàng)新。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] 杰奎斯·克萊默等. 石油市場模型[M]. 王芳,譯. 北京：北京大學(xué)

出版社. 2004.

沙：湖南科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社.2009. 2009.12 2009.11

theoildrum.com. 2009.4經(jīng)濟合作，2008（5）國礦業(yè)，2008（7）

[2] 托馬斯·弗里德曼. 世界又熱又平又?jǐn)D[M]. 王瑋沁等，譯. 長 [3] EIA. Short‐term energy outlook [R/OL](2009-12-08).[4] IEA. World energy outlook 2009[R/OL](2009-11-10).[5] LIKVERN R . Has OECD oil consumption peak?(2009-04-14) [6] 呂建中. 兩大石油陣營：競合關(guān)系變化及其發(fā)展趨勢[J]. 國際 [7] 呂建中. 世界主要大石油公司的一體化發(fā)展模式與啟示[J]. 中

收稿日期：2010-01-13

編　　輯：海 松

2010.1 國際石油經(jīng)濟·37·

ENGLISH ABSTRACTS

英文摘要

of their geological and geographical advantages to develop carbon sequestering technology. Secondly, by conserving energy and decreasing emissions in the enterprise itself, enterprises can increase technical innovation and thereby find new sources of competitiveness. There are also two types of challenges faced by companies. The first is complying with the compulsory emissions reduction task required of them by the state, the other is providing cleaner and lower emissions energy at the same time as fulfilling consumer demand.

Problems worth considering regarding oil in the Post Financial Crisis Era

By Lv Jianzhong, CNPC Policy Research Office28

oil industry, and will be a vital means of gaining an advantageous position in future development.

The low carbon economy and the development of China's petroleum and petrochemical industryBy Du Wei, CNPC Research Institute of Economics and Technology32

towards stability and signs of recovery appearing

in the world economy, the deep structural problems that caused the international financial crisis have not yet been substantively resolved. New asset bubbles and financial risk are accumulating, making local financial disturbances possible. As for the ever more financialized international oil market, there are still many unstable and uncertain elements which will affect its future trends. In the post financial crisis era, there are are a number of problems relating to oil that particularly deserve attention. Integrated development methods displayed a competitive advantage during the crisis and the global market is approaching its next reshuffle. The First Law of Petropolitics might come true, with resource rich countries needing to re-examine and readjust their oil and gas cooperation policies. It is possible that the supply curve for oil is backward sloping, OPEC has demand for increased production, but is restricted by the fundamental nature of the market, so actual increases in production are not likely to be substantial. It is also worth considering the problem of a peak in oil demand. Large oil exporting countries are as concerned about the security of oil demand as large oil importers are about the security of oil supply. The status of the United States Dollar in oil market seems unshakable for the time being, however a diversification in international currencies is a long term trend. The Chinese market will be a hot spot for market competition. Technological innovation will play a leading role in the development of the global

Despite international financial markets moving

consumption and low emissions. The low carbon economy involves innovation and transformation in the areas of technology, systems, trade, production and consumption. China has already set an emissions target for 2020, the Chinese petroleum and petrochemicals industry is facing relatively large pressure in this regard. The low carbon economy will accelerate the development of natural gas, and in the short to medium term new and renewable energy will lessen domestic oil and gas supply pressures, and a speeding up of systemic industrial adjustment will improve the future competitiveness of the domestic petroleum and petrochemicals industry. CO2 sequestering and the utilization of technological breakthroughs will increase future development potential. These are the opportunities that the low carbon economy offers the Chinese petroleum and petrochemicals industry. Challenges faced by the two industries include: the double pressure of increasing the supply of oil and gas while at the same time decreasing CO2 emissions, the technological and costs pressure of lowering carbon emissions at each stage of production from the well to the wheel. Chinese industry is still lagging behind in terms of low carbon technology and management. Borrowing from the experience of large international oil companies and their different paths to low carbon economic development, the Chinese petroleum and petrochemicals industry should place importance on the following measures: accelerate structural adjustment, and strengthen conservation and the efficient use of resources to reduce emissions; actively research and develop technology related to the low carbon economy; effectively develop and utilize new energy sources according to specific local conditions; strengthen reserves and application of CCS and CCU technology and finally to emissions reduction management and the training of personnel.

2010.1

The low carbon economy is based on low-

國際石油經(jīng)濟·93·

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