本文選題：烷醇酰胺 + 伴生物�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：油／水界面張力能否降至超低(≤10-3mN/m)是在三次采油提高原油采收率過(guò)程中篩選驅(qū)油劑配方的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)超低界面張力體系并研究超低界面張力產(chǎn)生機(jī)理對(duì)指導(dǎo)驅(qū)油劑的設(shè)計(jì)具有重要意義。本文采用“一鍋法”合成了非離子表面活性劑烷醇酰胺,研究了合成條件、無(wú)機(jī)鹽濃度以及增溶油相對(duì)該類(lèi)表面活性劑界面活性的影響,結(jié)合FT-IR光譜、界面擴(kuò)張流變、分子模擬等手段研究了非離子表面活性劑烷醇酰胺的分子行為以及在不同條件下產(chǎn)生超低界面張力及具有油相適應(yīng)性的機(jī)理。本論文取得的認(rèn)識(shí)為建立表面活性劑的構(gòu)效關(guān)系提供理論基礎(chǔ),并為設(shè)計(jì)三次采油中超低界面張力體系提供指導(dǎo)。本文主要分為以下三個(gè)部分：第一部分采用月桂酸甲酯和二乙醇酰胺為原料在堿性催化劑甲醇鈉條件下利用“一鍋法”合成了非離子表面活性劑月桂酸二乙醇酰胺,分別采用石油醚和水進(jìn)行純化,得到了高純度的月桂酸二乙醇酰胺,借助核磁、紅外等手段進(jìn)行了表征。結(jié)果表明,由合成引入的月桂酸甲酯、二乙醇酰胺、胺單脂、胺雙脂等伴生物分子與主劑月桂酸二乙醇酰胺協(xié)同吸附在油／水界面且分布在不同的位置,導(dǎo)致該體系具有高的界面活性和油相適應(yīng)性。通過(guò)單一變量法研究了合成條件對(duì)月桂酸二乙醇酰胺體系界面性能的影響。第二部分實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,非離子表面活性劑烷醇酰胺在ca2+/Mg3+存在下,可以將十二烷／水的界面張力降低至10-3nN/m數(shù)量級(jí),且在一定范圍內(nèi)隨著鹽度的增加界面張力逐漸減小,為我們提供一個(gè)很好的研究超低界面張力機(jī)理的模型。通過(guò)測(cè)定FT-IR光譜我們發(fā)現(xiàn),Ca2+/Mg2+存在時(shí),界面層內(nèi)與烷醇酰胺親水頭基相互作用的水分子數(shù)目減小,相互作用減弱。紅外光譜的分析數(shù)據(jù)表明Mg2+結(jié)合自由水的能力要強(qiáng)于Ca2+,在相同濃度條件下,Mg2+在界面層內(nèi)結(jié)合水分子數(shù)目要遠(yuǎn)多于Ca2+。表面活性劑疏水性增強(qiáng),界面張力降低。Mg2+存在條件下烷醇酰胺疏水性增強(qiáng)的幅度要大于ca2+,Mg2+降低油/水界面張力的能力要強(qiáng)于Ca2+。第三部分研究了烷醇酰胺及增溶癸烷的溶脹膠束體系與不同油相間的界面擴(kuò)張流變性質(zhì)。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)烷醇酰胺膠束增溶一定量癸烷分子后,與不同油相的界面擴(kuò)張模量的變化趨勢(shì)較單一烷醇酰胺時(shí)要小。通過(guò)計(jì)算界面生成能發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)適量癸烷增溶于烷醇酰胺疏水尾鏈間時(shí)形成的界面層界面能低,因此當(dāng)增溶了癸烷的溶脹膠束與油相接觸時(shí),烷醇酰胺和增溶的癸烷分子在油水界面由熱力學(xué)驅(qū)動(dòng)組裝形成界面層,油相分子對(duì)界面層的組成和性質(zhì)的影響程度降低,因此在采用不同油相時(shí)界面流變性的差異減小。因此只要確定表面活性劑與癸烷的最佳比例,取得最低的界面生成能,便可以通過(guò)預(yù)組裝的溶脹膠束在油水界面吸附形成界面層,避免油相分子進(jìn)入界面層,從而保障體系對(duì)不同油相的適應(yīng)性。綜上所述,本論文研究了月桂酸二乙醇酰胺合成過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的副產(chǎn)物及伴生物分子對(duì)主劑界面活性的影響；僅通過(guò)改變鹽度使得烷醇酰胺將十二烷／水界面張力降至超低,利用FT-IR (ATR)光譜研究了鈣、鎂變化對(duì)界面層內(nèi)分子行為的影響；研究了增溶油相的烷醇酰胺溶脹膠束的界面擴(kuò)張流變性質(zhì),探索了取得油相適應(yīng)性的理論機(jī)制。本文取得的結(jié)果和認(rèn)識(shí)可為揭示表面活性劑構(gòu)效關(guān)系和揭示超低界面張力機(jī)理提供一定的理論依據(jù)。本論文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)：(1)本文深入探討了表面活性劑合成過(guò)程中的副產(chǎn)物及伴生物對(duì)產(chǎn)物界面活性的影響,揭示了烷醇酰胺取得高界面活性的關(guān)鍵機(jī)制,為表面活性劑的合成與應(yīng)用相結(jié)合提供了新的思路,避免了合成過(guò)程中資源的浪費(fèi)以及相關(guān)性能的降低。(2)結(jié)合分子模擬理論研究方法和FT-IR (ATR)光譜等實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,研究了表面活性劑分子行為對(duì)界面性能的影響,為揭示超低界面張力機(jī)理提供了重要依據(jù)。(3)結(jié)合界面流變實(shí)驗(yàn)研究方法,將界面擴(kuò)張模量與表面活性劑油相適應(yīng)性相關(guān)聯(lián),揭示了取得油相適應(yīng)性的關(guān)鍵理論機(jī)制,為設(shè)計(jì)具有油相適應(yīng)性的驅(qū)油劑體系提供新的技術(shù)路線。
[Abstract]:The oil / water interfacial tension can be reduced to very low (less than 10-3mN/m) is to improve the oil recovery process in three oil recovery were an important indicator of oil displacement agent, the design of ultra low interfacial tension system and study of ultra low interfacial tension mechanism to guide the design of oil displacement agent has important significance. In this paper, non ion surfactant alkanolamide was synthesized by one pot method, studied the influence of synthesis conditions, inorganic salt concentration and the solubilization of oil relative to the surfactant interface activity, combined with FT-IR spectroscopy, interfacial dilational rheology, molecular simulation research the molecular behavior of nonionic surfactant alkanolamide and the mechanism of ultra low interfacial tension and oil adaptability under different conditions. To provide a theoretical basis for understanding the structure-activity relationship of surfactant, and for the design of the three oil recovery in low The interfacial tension of system to provide guidance. This paper is mainly divided into the following three parts: the first part of the lauric acid methyl ester and two ethanol amide synthesis of non-ionic surfactant lauric acid two ethanol amide was synthesized by one pot method in alkaline sodium methoxide catalyst under the condition of using petroleum ether and water purification, the laurel two ethanol acid amide, high purity by NMR, IR were characterized. The results show that by introducing the synthesis of methyl laurate, two ethanol amide, amine monoester, diester amine etc. with biological molecules and the main agent of lauric acid two ethanol amide CO adsorption in the oil / water interface and distribution in different the position, the system has led to high interfacial activity and oil adaptability. Through the single variable method is used to study the effects of synthesis conditions on lauric acid two ethanol amide system interface performance. In the second part, the experiment result The nonionic surfactant alkyl alcohol amide in the presence of ca2+/Mg3+ can be twelve alkane / water interfacial tension decreased to 10-3nN/ m magnitude, and in a certain range, with the increase of salinity decreases the interfacial tension, provides a good study of ultra low interfacial tension mechanism model through the determination for us. We found that the FT-IR spectra, the presence of Ca2+/Mg2+, the number of water molecules in the interface layer and alkylolamide hydrophilic headgroup interaction decreases, interaction is weakened. Analysis of data of infrared spectra showed that Mg2+ combined with free water is stronger than Ca2+, in the same concentration, the Mg2+ in the interface layer with the water molecule number far more than Ca2+. of surfactant hydrophobicity enhanced, interfacial tension decreased.Mg2+ amplitude alkylolamide hydrophobic enhanced conditions than ca2+, Mg2+ reduce the oil / water interfacial tension is stronger than Ca2+ third. Interfacial rheological properties and part of alkanolamide and solubilization of decane swelling micellar system with different oil. The results show that when a certain amount of micellar solubilization of alkanolamide decane molecules, small to change trend with different oil phase interfacial dilational modulus than single alkylolamide. Through the calculation of interface can be found when the interface layer interface, the amount of decane alkanolamide solubilized in the hydrophobic chain between the formation of energy is low, so when the oil swollen micelles and solubilization of decane contact, decane molecular alkanolamide and solubilization in the oil-water interface driven by thermodynamics assemble into interface layer, the influence degree of oil phase composition and molecular properties of the interface layer is reduced, so in different oil phase difference of the interfacial rheological property decreases. So long as to determine the optimal proportions of surfactants and decane, has the lowest interface can be. The adsorption interface layer formed by pre assembled micelles swelling at the oil-water interface, avoid oil molecules into the interface layer, so as to guarantee the system of different oil phase adaptability. In summary, this thesis the by-product of lauric acid two ethanol amide synthesis process and the influence of the main agent of biological molecules with interfacial activity; twelve alkane / water interfacial tension to ultra low only by changing the salinity makes alkanolamide, using FT-IR (ATR) spectroscopy to investigate the effect of magnesium on calcium, changes of molecular behavior in the interface layer; on the interfacial rheological properties of alkanolamide swelling micellar phase solubilization of oil exploration, the theoretical mechanism of oil adaptability the main results and understanding. To reveal the surfactant structure-activity relationship and reveal to provide a theoretical basis for ultra low interfacial tension mechanism. The main innovation of this thesis: (1) this paper To investigate the byproduct synthesis process of the surfactant and the influence on the product interface with biological activity, reveals the alkylolamide key mechanism of high interfacial activity, provides a new way for the synthesis and application of surfactant combination, to avoid and reduce the resource waste in the process of synthesis and related properties. (2) simulation theory research method and FT-IR (ATR) combined with molecular spectroscopy experiments, the effects of surfactant molecular behavior influence on interfacial properties, provides an important basis for revealing the mechanism of ultra low interfacial tension. (3) combined with the interfacial rheological experiment, the dilational modulus and surfactant in oil phase adaptability is associated, reveals the key mechanism of the theory of oil adaptability, provide a new technical route for the design with oil adaptability of oil displacement agent system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ423;TE357.46

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