本文選題：薄層揚(yáng)沸 + 水層過熱��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展離不開化石燃料的使用,但是人類過度依賴化石燃料帶來了一系列問題。其中,我國地形多變,海拔差異巨大,由于可燃液體燃料的不均勻分布,導(dǎo)致成品油運(yùn)輸管道規(guī)模不斷增長,為了保障高海拔地區(qū)油品需求,部分油料輸運(yùn)管道需要穿過高海拔地區(qū)。同時(shí),高海拔地區(qū)本身儲(chǔ)存并持續(xù)消耗大量油料,除了民生和商用以外,一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的特殊使用場景是高原機(jī)場。高海拔低壓低氧環(huán)境會(huì)對燃燒過程產(chǎn)生影響,高海拔地區(qū)燃料泄露火災(zāi)也會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出同平原地區(qū)不同的新特性。薄層揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象涉及眾多基本物理、化學(xué)過程,其形成機(jī)制至今扔在探索過程當(dāng)中。本文建立了小尺寸油品揚(yáng)沸火災(zāi)特性實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。為了研究壓力對小尺寸油盆揚(yáng)沸的影響,以及油水交界面水層過熱水的成因,在三個(gè)壓力點(diǎn):合肥(Alt:58m P:101kPa),麗江(Alt:2400m P:76kPa)、拉薩(Alt:3650m P:64kPa)開展實(shí)地小尺度墊水池火燃燒。同時(shí),從燃燒控制因素的角度,選取了四種油盆直徑:0.15m、0.18m(對流控制)、0.30m和0.40m(輻射控制):初始油層厚度為統(tǒng)一為0.5cm;墊水層厚度取1.0cm、1.5cm、2.0cm;實(shí)驗(yàn)油品的選擇考慮到使用廣度以及前文所涉及的高原機(jī)場油料安全,最終確定為航空煤油JetA和0#柴油。監(jiān)測薄層揚(yáng)沸火災(zāi)的特征物理量有:重量,溫度,輻射和聲音強(qiáng)度。從質(zhì)量變化角度,分析了不同變量如何影響以下指標(biāo):穩(wěn)定階段質(zhì)量損失速率,揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象發(fā)生時(shí)剩余油品厚度,揚(yáng)沸強(qiáng)度。從溫度角度,重點(diǎn)分析了水油交界面水層溫度過熱現(xiàn)象。并得到以下結(jié)論:實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到揚(yáng)沸過程由四個(gè)階段構(gòu)成,并且不同變量會(huì)導(dǎo)致?lián)P沸階段向著突變型和持續(xù)型兩種趨勢發(fā)展。油盆尺寸D作為單一變量,隨著油盆尺寸的上升,穩(wěn)定燃燒階段的質(zhì)量損失速率上升;揚(yáng)沸發(fā)生時(shí)剩余油品的高度下降,揚(yáng)沸強(qiáng)度下降;環(huán)境壓力P作為單一變量,隨著環(huán)境壓力上升,穩(wěn)定階段的質(zhì)量損失速率上升,油水交界面水層的過熱溫度上升,過熱程度小幅上升,揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象發(fā)生時(shí)剩余油品的高度上升,揚(yáng)沸強(qiáng)度上升;水層厚度hw作為單一變量,隨著水層厚度的上升,揚(yáng)沸階段的燃燒現(xiàn)象向持續(xù)型轉(zhuǎn)變,揚(yáng)沸強(qiáng)度下降,但需要指出的是,隨著水層厚度上升,水層厚度對揚(yáng)沸階段的影響逐漸降低,可以預(yù)計(jì)當(dāng)超過一定臨界條件之后,水層厚度將不會(huì)對揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象再造成影響;揚(yáng)沸強(qiáng)度本身并無法說明揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象是否發(fā)生,所以,統(tǒng)計(jì)了各個(gè)工況下?lián)P沸現(xiàn)象是否發(fā)生的結(jié)果,得出結(jié)論如下:壓力作為單一變量時(shí),低壓情況下更難發(fā)生揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象;當(dāng)燃料量過少,水層越厚越難以發(fā)生揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象;上述這兩點(diǎn)同揚(yáng)沸強(qiáng)度的規(guī)律相似。但是,油盆直徑作為單一變量時(shí),油盆尺寸越小,揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象越難以發(fā)生,這和揚(yáng)沸強(qiáng)度變化的規(guī)律相反,結(jié)合揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象發(fā)生時(shí)剩余油層的厚度規(guī)律,油盆尺寸越大,揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象發(fā)生時(shí)剩余油層的厚度越薄,油水交界面積累的氣泡越容易突破,所以,油盆尺寸大時(shí),反而容易發(fā)生揚(yáng)沸。并從氣泡動(dòng)力學(xué)、核態(tài)沸騰理論出發(fā),分析了水油交界面上水層過熱程度、沸騰強(qiáng)度與揚(yáng)沸現(xiàn)象機(jī)制之間的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In today's economic development cannot do without the use of fossil fuels, but humans over reliance on fossil fuels has brought a series of problems. Among them, China's varied terrain, elevation difference is huge, due to the uneven distribution of flammable liquid fuel, leading to the growing oil transportation pipeline scale, in order to ensure the oil demand in high altitude area, need to pass through the high altitude of some oil transporting pipeline. At the same time, the high altitude region itself and continue to consume a large amount of oil storage, in addition to the people's livelihood and commercial, a special scene of concern is the Plateau Airport. High altitude hypoxia environment will influence the combustion process, high altitude fire fuel leak will show new features the same plain area. Thin-layer boilover phenomenon involves many basic physical and chemical processes, the formation mechanism has thrown in the exploration process. This paper built The size of boilover fire experiment platform. In order to study the effect of pressure on the small size of oil boilover, oil-water interface and causes hot water in the water, three pressure points: Hefei (Alt:58m P:101kPa), Lijiang (Alt:2400m P:76kPa), Lhasa (Alt:3650m P:64kPa) to carry out the field of small scale pool fire. At the same time pad and from the combustion control factors, selecting four kinds of pool diameter: 0.15m, 0.18m, and 0.30m (convection control) 0.40m (radiation control): initial reservoir thickness is uniform for 0.5cm; the thickness of cushion layer is 1.0cm, 1.5cm, 2.0cm; experimental oil selection taking into account the use of the breadth and above relates to the Plateau Airport oil security, eventually identified as JetA kerosene and 0# diesel. The characteristics of the physical quantity monitoring of thin-layer boilover: weight, temperature, radiation and sound intensity. From the angle of quality, analyzes the different factors that affect the following Subject: the stable stage of mass loss rate, occurrence of boilover phenomenon of residual oil thickness, boilover strength. From the angle of temperature, focus on the analysis of the water oil interface layer temperature overheating. And get the following conclusion: the observed boilover process consists of four stages, and different variables will lead to boilover stage toward mutation type and continuous type two trends. The size of the D as a single variable, with the rise of pool size, stable combustion phase of the mass loss rate increased; boilover occurs when the remaining oil height decreased, decreased boilover strength; the environmental pressure of P as a single variable, with the environmental pressure rise, stable stage of mass loss the rate rise, the overheating temperature of oil-water interface layer increased, degree of superheat increased slightly, boilover phenomenon occurred when residual height of oil boilover, rising strength; thickness of HW layer as a single variable, With the increase of the thickness of water layer, change the combustion phenomena of boilover stage to continuous decline, boilover strength, but it should be noted that, with the rising influence of layer thickness, layer thickness of boilover stage decreased gradually, can be expected when more than a certain critical condition, water thickness will not affect the boilover phenomenon strength; boilover itself is unable to explain whether the boilover phenomenon, so the statistics of boilover phenomenon under different conditions is the results, the conclusions are as follows: as a single variable pressure, low pressure situations more difficult to occur boilover phenomenon; when the fuel is too small, the thicker the aquifer to boilover phenomenon; these two points with the boilover intensity of the similar. However, as a single variable of pool diameter, the smaller size of boilover phenomenon is difficult to occur, and the variation of intensity of boilover in combination of boilover phenomenon The thickness of residual oil law occurs, the larger the size of oil, residual oil boilover phenomenon occurred when the thickness of the thinner, water at the junction area tired bubble is easy to break, so the oil of large size, but prone to boilover. And from the theory of bubble dynamics, nucleate boiling, analysis of oil and water the interface layer of overheating, the relationship between the strength and the boiling mechanism of boilover phenomenon.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE88

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