本文選題：稠油摻稀 + 混合器��； 參考：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：稠油是石油能源的重要組成部分,因此眾多學(xué)者對稠油開采的研究也從未間斷。稠油最重要的一個特點(diǎn)就是粘稠度高,可流動性差。稠油對溫度的敏感性很強(qiáng),在地層中溫度較高時稠油可以較好的流動,但在開采過程中,一旦流體進(jìn)入井筒,隨著溫度的降低稠油粘度就會升高,摩擦阻力增大,抽油機(jī)懸點(diǎn)載荷增加,嚴(yán)重情況下導(dǎo)致抽油泵卡泵,甚至抽油桿斷桿現(xiàn)象。而目前針對這一問題常采用的辦法就是稠油摻稀、化學(xué)降粘和加熱降粘。稠油摻稀是一種重要的降粘工藝,在我國西北地區(qū)得到廣泛應(yīng)用。長期以來,稠油摻稀的主要問題就是由于摻稀后不明確井筒內(nèi)的狀況,盲目增大摻稀比,從而造成了摻稀量的增大,造成了資源的浪費(fèi)。本文利用數(shù)值模擬軟件對摻稀過程中幾個常見的過程及問題進(jìn)行了模擬與分析,為稠油摻稀提供一定的理論依據(jù)。結(jié)合稠油摻稀的過程對Fluent的多相流模型和湍流模型進(jìn)行了選擇,經(jīng)過篩選選用Mixture作為多相流模型,RNG k-e模型作為湍流模型。通過對光滑管的模擬顯示,單純光滑管摻稀起到的作用僅僅是在油管壁面形成一層稀油膜,降低原油流動的阻力,減小了抽油桿的載荷,并不能真正的達(dá)到摻稀降粘的效果;增大摻稀比不能增強(qiáng)摻稀效果,必須借助一定的攪動效果才能實(shí)現(xiàn)稠油摻稀;其它相存在的情況下,氣體對摻稀效果具有增強(qiáng)作用,水降低了摻稀效果。SK型和SD型混合器都能很好的起到攪動和摻稀的效果,為實(shí)現(xiàn)混合器效果達(dá)到最優(yōu)SK型在設(shè)計(jì)時長寬比盡量控制在5:3左右,且混合器的寬度要略小于油管尺寸;對于SD型混合器角度采用較小角度時效果最佳;就摻稀效果而言,SD型混合器優(yōu)于SK型混合器;當(dāng)摻稀量能夠滿足要達(dá)到的粘度值時,且通過混合器摻稀時沒有必要增大摻稀比。針對SK型混合器進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),并對改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了模擬。模擬結(jié)果顯示,改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)能夠更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)摻稀。
[Abstract]:Heavy oil is an important part of petroleum energy.One of the most important characteristics of heavy oil is its high viscosity and poor fluidity.Heavy oil is very sensitive to temperature, and heavy oil can flow better when the temperature is high in the formation. However, once the fluid enters the wellbore, the viscosity of heavy oil will increase with the decrease of temperature, and the friction resistance will increase.The increase of suspension load of pumping unit leads to sucker pump jam, even sucker rod breaking.At present, the methods used to solve this problem are heavy oil blending, chemical viscosity reduction and heating viscosity reduction.Heavy oil blending is an important viscosity reduction process, which is widely used in northwest China.For a long time, the main problem of heavy oil mixing with dilute is that because the condition in wellbore is not clear after mixing dilute, the ratio of mixing dilute is increased blindly, which results in the increase of the amount of dilute and the waste of resources.In this paper, numerical simulation software is used to simulate and analyze several common processes and problems in the process of mixing heavy oil with dilute oil, which provides a certain theoretical basis for the mixing of heavy oil with dilute oil.The multiphase flow model and turbulence model of Fluent were selected according to the mixing process of heavy oil. Mixture was selected as the multiphase flow model and RNG k-e model was selected as turbulence model.The simulation of smooth tube shows that the function of pure smooth pipe is to form a thin oil film on the wall of oil pipe, reduce the resistance of crude oil flow, reduce the load of sucker rod, and can not really achieve the effect of adding thin oil to reduce viscosity;The mixing effect of heavy oil must be enhanced by increasing the blending ratio, and the gas can enhance the mixing effect of heavy oil in the presence of other phases.Water reduces the mixing effect. Both SK and SD mixers have good stirring and thinning effects. In order to achieve the optimal effect of SK type mixer, the aspect ratio of SK type is controlled at about 5:3 in the design as far as possible.And the width of mixer is slightly smaller than the size of tubing; the best effect is when the angle of SD mixer is smaller; the mixing effect of SD mixer is better than that of SK mixer in terms of dilute effect; when the amount of dilute can satisfy the viscosity value to be achieved,And it is not necessary to increase the dilution ratio when mixing through mixer.The SK mixer is improved and the improved structure is simulated.Simulation results show that the improved structure can better achieve thinning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE345

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