本文選題：酰胺類氟碳表面活性劑 + 起泡劑　； 參考：《中國石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：泡沫壓裂液因其濾失少,易返排,傷害低的優(yōu)點(diǎn)廣泛應(yīng)用于煤層氣壓裂,起泡劑在壓裂液體系中起到至關(guān)重要的作用。氟碳表面活性劑具有極高的表面活性,用作起泡劑擁有巨大潛力。本文在調(diào)研了氟碳表面活性劑及其合成發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀后,確定了酰胺類氟碳表面活性劑的合成,并對其在水溶液和煤粉表面的聚集行為進(jìn)行了研究。以全氟辛酸,二甘醇胺為原料,采用脂肪酸法合成了酰胺類氟碳表面活性(HPA4),通過單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)法優(yōu)選其最優(yōu)反應(yīng)物配比為1:1.2,催化劑含量為0.6%,第一步反應(yīng)時(shí)間為5h,溫度為130℃,第二步反應(yīng)時(shí)間為5h,溫度為90℃。最優(yōu)產(chǎn)物的起泡體積為600mL,析液半衰期為620s。利用傅里葉紅外變換光譜與核磁共振對合成產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了表征,證明合成產(chǎn)物為目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物。HPA4在水溶液中的自組裝行為研究表明:HPA4在水溶液具有優(yōu)于常規(guī)碳?xì)浔砻婊钚詣┖拖嗤愋头急砻婊钚詣┑牡谋砻婊钚浴PA4的膠束化過程是一個自發(fā)放熱的熵驅(qū)動過程,且存在明顯的焓熵補(bǔ)償現(xiàn)象。采用紫外光分光光度法,闡明了煤階對HPA4吸附量的影響。結(jié)果表明非離子型HPA4主要通過氫鍵作用吸附在煤的表面,其在低階煤表面的吸附量最大,中階煤次之,在高階煤表面的吸附量最小。HPA4在煤表面的吸附均符合朗格繆單層吸附規(guī)律,且吸附過程是一個自發(fā)吸熱過程,溫度升高有利于其吸附。HPA4在低、中階煤表面的吸附量隨電解質(zhì)含量的升高先下降后升高,而在高階煤表面的吸附量則一直增加。HPA4在煤表面的吸附量均隨pH值的上升呈現(xiàn)先下降后保持不變的趨勢。通過煤層氣等溫吸附-解吸附實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了HPA4在煤表面的吸附對于煤層氣解吸附的影響,結(jié)果表明HPA4吸附后的煤層氣等溫解吸附過程中的蘭氏體積和蘭氏壓力均增大,表明以HPA4為主劑的煤層氣泡沫壓裂液在壓裂施工后會加速煤層氣的解吸,具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Foam fracturing fluid is widely used in coalbed methane fracturing because of its advantages of less filtration, easy drainage and low damage. Foaming agent plays an important role in fracturing fluid system.Fluorocarbon surfactants have very high surface activity and have great potential as foaming agents.Based on the investigation of fluorocarbon surfactants and their synthesis status, the synthesis of amide fluorocarbon surfactants has been determined, and the aggregation behavior of fluorocarbon surfactants in aqueous solution and pulverized coal surface has been studied.Using perfluorooctanoic acid and diethylene glycol amine as raw materials, the surfactant HPA4N was synthesized by fatty acid method. The optimum ratio of reactants was 1: 1.2, the content of catalyst was 0.610, the first step reaction time was 5 h, and the temperature was 130 鈩，

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