發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-04 12:37

  本文選題：托甫臺區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：開發(fā)動態(tài)　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：油井在開發(fā)過程中,隨著地下流體的不斷采出,剩余儲量不斷減少,油藏能量不斷下降,日產(chǎn)油量總是下降的,油井在結(jié)束一段時(shí)間的穩(wěn)產(chǎn)期后,后期產(chǎn)量必然會進(jìn)入遞減階段,不同生產(chǎn)階段表現(xiàn)的遞減特征有所不同。通過研究油井的產(chǎn)量遞減特征,把油井劃分為4種基本類型:高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)型、低速遞減型、中速遞減型和快速遞減型。然而在塔河油田托甫臺區(qū)奧陶系油藏的實(shí)際開發(fā)中發(fā)現(xiàn),部分油井在產(chǎn)量遞減階段,出現(xiàn)了日產(chǎn)油量較高時(shí)突然大幅降低至停噴的產(chǎn)量突降異常現(xiàn)象,這在一定程度上影響了托甫臺區(qū)油藏的開發(fā),因此需要對這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行綜合分析,以便科學(xué)合理地指導(dǎo)油田開發(fā)。本文依據(jù)托甫臺區(qū)奧陶系碳酸鹽巖油藏的基本地質(zhì)特征及開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀,基于儲集空間的特征識別,結(jié)合油井的地震、鉆完井、測錄井、動態(tài)監(jiān)測、開發(fā)動態(tài)以及產(chǎn)量突降后的開發(fā)措施等資料,對9口產(chǎn)量突降井的儲層類型和特征、開發(fā)動態(tài)特征以及產(chǎn)量變化的控制因素等方面進(jìn)行了分析,主要從地層能量、溶解氣相態(tài)、儲層物性、含水特征、采油制度及井間連通性幾個(gè)方面研究了產(chǎn)量突降的原因,明確了影響油井產(chǎn)量變化的控制因素,根據(jù)不同的產(chǎn)量突降原因提出應(yīng)對的開發(fā)對策,最終得出以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識:(1)根據(jù)托甫臺區(qū)奧陶系油井自噴生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)量和壓力的變化特征,將9口產(chǎn)量突降井分為3類:產(chǎn)量為中高產(chǎn)且較穩(wěn)定,壓力緩慢下降;產(chǎn)量為中高產(chǎn),緩慢下降,壓力緩慢下降或較快下降;產(chǎn)量不穩(wěn)定,下降較快或間歇生產(chǎn),壓力快速下降,自噴期極短。以上三類開發(fā)動態(tài)特征分別對應(yīng)的儲集空間為:邊底水活躍的較大型縫洞單元;中小封閉型縫洞單元;規(guī)模較小且充填程度較高的縫洞單元。(2)經(jīng)研究得出托甫臺區(qū)奧陶系油井產(chǎn)量突降的原因有五種:能量虧空、原油脫氣、儲層污染、含水快速上升、初期采油速度過高。(3)影響油井產(chǎn)量變化的地質(zhì)因素有:儲層類型、溶洞充填程度、地層能量、含水上升、原油脫氣程度、儲層污染程度等;影響油井產(chǎn)量變化的工程因素有:工作制度、采油速度、采油工藝等。實(shí)際上產(chǎn)量變化往往不是由某個(gè)單一因素決定的,而是上述多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。(4)針對不同的產(chǎn)量突降原因提出合理的開發(fā)對策:由于能量虧空和原油脫氣導(dǎo)致的產(chǎn)量突降,建議在壓力下降到較低程度前進(jìn)行注水,以保持油井壓力,恢復(fù)地層能量。由于儲層污染造成的產(chǎn)量突降,建議在突降后對油井進(jìn)行酸壓改造解堵,改善井底滲流通道,提高滲透率,從而恢復(fù)供液能力。由于含水快速上升導(dǎo)致的產(chǎn)量突降,可以通過平面調(diào)整及周期注水改變液流方向和壓力場,從而改變水線推進(jìn)狀況;或者關(guān)閉高含水井,封竄及封堵油井高含水層;注水井調(diào)剖和調(diào)整注水結(jié)構(gòu)等措施預(yù)防含水上升。由于初期采油速度過高導(dǎo)致的產(chǎn)量突降,應(yīng)合理控制采油速度,保持較長時(shí)間的自噴生產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:In the process of oil well development, with the production of underground fluid, the remaining reserves are decreasing, the reservoir energy is decreasing, and the daily oil production is always decreasing.The late stage of production will inevitably enter the stage of decline, different production stages show different characteristics of decline.By studying the characteristics of oil well production decline, the oil well can be divided into four basic types: high and stable production type, low speed decline type, medium speed decline type and fast decreasing type.However, in the actual development of Ordovician reservoirs in Tauphoutai area of Tahe Oilfield, it is found that in the stage of production decline, some oil wells have suddenly and substantially reduced their daily oil production to a sudden drop when the daily oil production is relatively high.This has affected the development of reservoir in Tofoutai area to some extent, so it is necessary to analyze this phenomenon comprehensively in order to guide the development of oil field scientifically and reasonably.According to the basic geological characteristics and development status of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tofoutai district, this paper is based on the recognition of reservoir space, combined with the seismic, drilling and completion of oil wells, logging, dynamic monitoring, and so on.In this paper, the reservoir types and characteristics of 9 production sudden drop wells, development dynamic characteristics and controlling factors of production change are analyzed in terms of formation energy, dissolved gas phase, and so on.The reservoir physical properties, water cut characteristics, oil recovery system and inter-well connectivity are studied in this paper, and the factors controlling the change of oil well production are defined, and the corresponding development countermeasures are put forward according to the different reasons for the sudden drop of oil production.Finally, according to the characteristics of production and pressure of Ordovician oil wells in Tofoutai district, 9 wells are divided into three categories: medium high yield and stable production, and pressure decreasing slowly;The yield is medium and high yield, slowly decreasing, pressure decreasing slowly or rapidly, and the yield is unstable, falling quickly or intermittently, the pressure drops rapidly and the period of self-spraying is very short.The reservoir space corresponding to the dynamic characteristics of the above three types of development is as follows: larger fracture-cavity units with active edge and bottom water, small and medium-sized closed fracture-cavity units, and small and medium-sized closed fissures and caverns.On the basis of research, it is found that the production of Ordovician oil wells in Tofoutai area has five causes of sudden decline: energy deficit, crude oil degassing, reservoir pollution, and rapid increase of water cut.The geological factors affecting the oil well production change are: reservoir type, cavern filling degree, formation energy, water cut rising, crude oil degassing degree, reservoir pollution degree, etc.The engineering factors that influence the change of oil well production are: working system, oil recovery speed, oil recovery technology and so on.In fact, yield changes are often not determined by a single factor,It is the result of the combined action of the above factors. (4) A reasonable development countermeasure is put forward in view of the different reasons for the sudden drop in production: due to the energy deficit and the sudden drop of the output caused by the degassing of crude oil, it is suggested that water injection should be carried out before the pressure drops to a lower level.To maintain the well pressure and restore formation energy.Due to the sudden drop of production caused by reservoir pollution, it is suggested that acid-pressure modification should be carried out to remove the plugging of oil wells after sudden drop, to improve the percolation passage under the well and to increase the permeability, so as to restore the fluid supply capacity.Due to the sudden decline of production caused by the rapid rise of water cut, the direction of fluid flow and pressure field can be changed by plane adjustment and periodic injection, thereby changing the waterline advancing condition, or closing the high water cut well, sealing and sealing the high aquifer of oil well;Water injection well profile control and water injection structure adjustment and other measures to prevent water cut rise.Since the initial oil production rate is too high, the production rate should be controlled reasonably and the self-injection production should be maintained for a long time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE328

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