本文選題：可燃廢水　切入點(diǎn)：焚燒　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：石油化工作為一項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)性產(chǎn)業(yè),在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有舉足輕重的地位。由于石油化工生產(chǎn)過程中通常伴隨著有機(jī)物、可燃物、污染物的排放,所以石油化工產(chǎn)業(yè)一直是環(huán)境污染的重要污染來源。近些年,隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體發(fā)展,對(duì)環(huán)保行業(yè)越來越重視,甚至提出石油化工生產(chǎn)零排放的發(fā)展目標(biāo)。對(duì)于石油化工生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的廢水大多是有機(jī)物或者是無機(jī)物和有機(jī)物的混合物,用物理法和生物法不能完全分解,采用焚燒法將石油化工生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的可燃廢水中的有毒有害的有機(jī)物在高溫下氧化分解成無毒無害的氣體和水,這種方法可以去除廢水中有毒有害物質(zhì)高達(dá)99.99%以上,同時(shí)還可以建立余熱鍋爐回收焚燒爐排除的熱量用來發(fā)電和生產(chǎn)蒸汽等,達(dá)到節(jié)能和保護(hù)環(huán)境的目的。首先,論文對(duì)可燃廢水焚燒裝置的工藝流程進(jìn)行概述。簡要介紹可燃廢水焚燒裝置的原理和特點(diǎn)。通過闡述可燃廢水焚燒裝置預(yù)處理、高溫焚燒、余熱回收和煙氣處理四個(gè)步驟的工藝流程來說明可燃廢水焚燒裝置的工藝流程。其次,論文詳細(xì)闡述了可燃廢水焚燒裝置的控制方案設(shè)計(jì),其中主要介紹高溫焚燒部分的控制方案設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)預(yù)處理、余熱回收和煙氣處理的控制方案設(shè)計(jì)只做簡單說明。對(duì)于高溫焚燒部分的控制主要從燒嘴點(diǎn)火段的控制、熱氧化對(duì)流段的控制和燃燒段的控制三方面進(jìn)行論述。通過對(duì)點(diǎn)火空氣流量的控制、點(diǎn)火廢水進(jìn)料的控制和點(diǎn)火空氣進(jìn)料壓力的控制三方面論述燒嘴點(diǎn)火段的控制。通過對(duì)熱氧化對(duì)流段空氣流量的控制和熱氧化對(duì)流段溫度的控制兩方面論述熱氧化對(duì)流段的控制。通過對(duì)爐膛內(nèi)氧含量的控制和爐膛溫度的控制兩方面論述燃燒段的控制。同時(shí)對(duì)燃料配比的控制方案進(jìn)行了說明。再次,論文詳細(xì)論述了可燃廢水焚燒裝置控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),主要通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)元件的設(shè)計(jì)、PLC的I/O卡件的選型與組態(tài)和DCS和PLC通訊的設(shè)計(jì)三方面進(jìn)行說明。在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)元件設(shè)計(jì)部分介紹了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)溫度元件、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)流量元件、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)分析元件和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)壓力元件的選用原則,并對(duì)參與可燃廢水焚燒裝置的儀表進(jìn)行選型,同時(shí)還對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)元件的雙冗余設(shè)置原則進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明。然后對(duì)PLC中I/O卡件接線原理圖的介紹并給出參與可燃廢水焚燒裝置的儀表接線方案,之后對(duì)PLC的I/O卡件的組態(tài)過程進(jìn)行簡單說明。之后介紹了DCS和PLC通訊的組態(tài)步驟。最后,依據(jù)DCS上的仿真曲線結(jié)果說明論文所論述可燃廢水焚燒裝置控制方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:Petrochemical industry, as a basic industry, plays an important role in the national economy. Therefore, petrochemical industry has always been an important source of environmental pollution. In recent years, with the overall development of the national economy, more and more attention has been paid to the environmental protection industry. The development goal of zero discharge from petrochemical production is even put forward. For the waste water produced by petrochemical production is mostly organic matter or a mixture of inorganic and organic compounds, the physical and biological methods cannot be completely decomposed. The toxic and harmful organic matter in the combustible wastewater produced in petrochemical production process is oxidized into non-toxic and harmless gas and water by incineration method. The toxic and harmful substances in the wastewater can be removed by this method up to 99.99%. At the same time, the waste heat boiler can be built to recover the heat removed from the incinerator to generate electricity and produce steam, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy and protecting the environment. In this paper, the process flow of combustible wastewater incineration unit is summarized. The principle and characteristics of combustible waste water incineration unit are briefly introduced, and the pretreatment of combustible wastewater incineration device and high temperature incineration are described. The flowsheet of waste heat recovery and flue gas treatment is used to explain the process of combustible wastewater incineration device. Secondly, the control scheme design of combustible wastewater incineration unit is described in detail. The control scheme design of high temperature incineration part is mainly introduced. The control scheme design of pretreatment, waste heat recovery and flue gas treatment is simply explained. The control of high temperature incineration part is mainly controlled from the ignition section of the burner. The control of heat oxidation flow section and combustion section is discussed. This paper discusses the control of burner ignition section from three aspects: the control of ignition wastewater feed and the control of ignition air feed pressure. Through the control of air flow rate in the hot oxidation flow section and the temperature control of the thermal oxidation convection section, the thermal oxygen is discussed. Through the control of oxygen content in furnace and the control of furnace temperature, the control of combustion section is discussed. At the same time, the control scheme of fuel ratio is explained. The design of the control system of combustible wastewater incineration device is discussed in detail in this paper. This paper mainly introduces the selection and configuration of the I / O card and the design of DCS and PLC communication. In the part of the design of the field detection element, the field temperature element, the field flow element, the field flow component are introduced. The selection principle of field analysis elements and field pressure components, and the selection of instruments involved in combustible wastewater incineration plant, At the same time, the principle of setting up double redundancy of detecting elements in the field is explained in detail. Then the wiring schematic diagram of I / O card in PLC is introduced and the instrument wiring scheme to participate in the combustible waste water incineration device is given. After that, the configuration process of I / O card of PLC is simply explained. Then the configuration steps of DCS and PLC communication are introduced. Finally, the feasibility of the control scheme of combustible wastewater incineration plant is explained according to the result of simulation curve on DCS.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X742

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