發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-29 02:30

  本文選題：高含硫氣田集氣站　切入點(diǎn)：故障樹(shù)分析　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著高含硫氣田大規(guī)模的開(kāi)發(fā),集氣站場(chǎng)作為整個(gè)天然氣管道輸送的第一道樞紐,集氣站場(chǎng)內(nèi)設(shè)備林立,各種管道交錯(cuò),閥門(mén)眾多是高含硫氣田地面集輸系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,也是高含硫氣田地面集輸工程的主要樞紐。由于站內(nèi)輸送介質(zhì)具有強(qiáng)腐蝕性和強(qiáng)毒性的特殊性,所以是高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)存在和集中的場(chǎng)所。因各氣井產(chǎn)出的高含硫天然氣在集氣站內(nèi)一般不做脫水、脫硫處理,雖然管線采用抗硫鋼材,但長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的高溫、高壓、高含硫必然對(duì)集氣站內(nèi)設(shè)備和管線會(huì)造成一定的腐蝕和損壞,所以集氣站的安全、平穩(wěn)的運(yùn)行,是整個(gè)高含硫氣田生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。故對(duì)高含硫氣田集氣站建立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)研究,能夠預(yù)防和降低集氣站場(chǎng)安全事故,加強(qiáng)站場(chǎng)設(shè)備管理和維護(hù),更是節(jié)約運(yùn)營(yíng)成本的有效方法。 本文采用安全系統(tǒng)工程“人—機(jī)—環(huán)境”的系統(tǒng)分析方法,結(jié)合高含硫氣田集氣站的特性,將高含硫氣田集氣站分為人子系統(tǒng)、設(shè)備子系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境子系統(tǒng)對(duì)影響高含硫氣田集氣站的安全因素進(jìn)行了全面分析。通過(guò)高含硫氣田集氣站故障統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,將其分為壓力容器區(qū)、壓力管道區(qū)、站內(nèi)閥門(mén)區(qū)、安全儀表區(qū)四個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)塊,從而進(jìn)行故障樹(shù)分析并建立指標(biāo)體系。利用改進(jìn)灰色層次分析法確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素權(quán)重,運(yùn)用模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)計(jì)算失效可能性。主要從人員傷亡、直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失、無(wú)形損失三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行后果的綜合評(píng)價(jià),借鑒APl581風(fēng)險(xiǎn)矩陣的原理劃分集氣站風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)。根據(jù)已經(jīng)建立的高含硫氣田集氣站風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)的方法對(duì)普光氣田P302集氣站進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)實(shí)例驗(yàn)證。從而形成了一套進(jìn)行高含硫氣田集氣站風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)的理論和方法。 本文取得的主要研究成果：首先,將安全系統(tǒng)工程“人—機(jī)—環(huán)境”的系統(tǒng)分析方法引入到高含硫氣田集氣站風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)體系中,對(duì)集氣站的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行整體系統(tǒng)分析；其次,運(yùn)用灰色理論和改進(jìn)層次法分別對(duì)傳統(tǒng)層次分析法中的比較矩陣和一致性?xún)煞矫孢M(jìn)行改造,形成了改進(jìn)灰色層次分析法,使風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素權(quán)重的確定更加科學(xué)合理；最后,因?yàn)楦吆驓馓锛瘹庹镜妮斔偷奶烊粴夂虷2S的混合氣體,借鑒APl581發(fā)生泄漏時(shí)潛在影響區(qū)域的計(jì)算方法,將其換算為天然氣和H2S,計(jì)算出兩種氣體的潛在影響區(qū)域,并相加得到總的潛在影響區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:With the large-scale development of high sulfur gas field, the gas gathering station is the first hub of the whole natural gas pipeline transportation. The gas gathering station has numerous equipments in the gas gathering station, various pipelines are staggered, and numerous valves are important components of the surface gathering and transportation system of the high sulfur gas field. It is also the main hub of surface gathering and transportation engineering in high sulfur gas fields. Due to the particularity of strong corrosivity and strong toxicity in the transportation medium in the station, So it is a place where high risk exists and centralizes. Because the high sulfur natural gas produced by each gas well does not do dehydration and desulfurization treatment in the gas gathering station, although the pipeline uses sulfur-resistant steel, it has a long period of high temperature and high pressure. The high sulfur content will inevitably cause certain corrosion and damage to the equipment and pipelines in the gas gathering station, so the gas collection station will operate safely and smoothly. It is a key link in the production of high sulfur gas fields. Therefore, the establishment of risk assessment technology for gas gathering stations in high sulfur gas fields can prevent and reduce the safety accidents of gas gathering stations and strengthen the management and maintenance of station equipment. It is also an effective way to save operation cost. In this paper, the system analysis method of safety system engineering "man-machine-environment" is adopted, and combined with the characteristics of gas gathering station in high sulfur gas field, the gas collecting station of high sulfur gas field is divided into man subsystem and equipment subsystem. The environmental subsystem has carried on the comprehensive analysis to the influence high sulfur gas field gas gathering station safety factor, through the high sulfur gas field gas gathering station fault statistics analysis, divides it into the pressure vessel area, the pressure pipeline area, the station valve area, the pressure vessel area, the pressure pipeline area, the station valve area, Four risk blocks in the safety instrument area are used to analyze the fault tree and establish the index system. The weight of risk factors is determined by using the improved grey analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the failure possibility is calculated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Direct economic losses, intangible losses, three aspects of the comprehensive evaluation of the consequences, Based on the principle of APl581 risk matrix, the risk grade of gas collecting station is divided. According to the established method of risk evaluation of gas gathering station in high sulfur gas field, the risk evaluation example of P302 gas gathering station in Puguang gas field is verified. Thus, an example of risk evaluation of P302 gas gathering station in Puguang gas field is formed. The theory and method of risk evaluation for gas gathering station in high sulfur gas field. The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows: firstly, the system analysis method of "man-machine-environment" is introduced into the risk assessment system of gas gathering station in high-sulfur gas field, and the risk factors of gas gathering station are analyzed systematically. Secondly, the comparison matrix and consistency of traditional analytic hierarchy process are reformed by using grey theory and improved hierarchy process, which makes the weight of risk factors more scientific and reasonable. Because the mixture of natural gas and H _ 2S transported at the gas collecting station of high-sulfur gas field can be converted into natural gas and H _ 2S by using the calculation method of potential influence area when APl581 leak occurs, the potential influence area of two kinds of gas can be calculated. And add up to the total potential area of influence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE863

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