本文選題：裂縫性油藏　切入點(diǎn)：離散裂縫模型　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：裂縫性油藏資源豐富,開(kāi)發(fā)前景非常廣闊。但是由于裂縫性儲(chǔ)層介質(zhì)類(lèi)型多,尺度變化大,非均質(zhì)性強(qiáng),流動(dòng)規(guī)律復(fù)雜,對(duì)于裂縫性油藏的流動(dòng)規(guī)律及數(shù)值模擬已成為當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。目前,有關(guān)裂縫性油藏滲流模型的理論主要分為三大類(lèi)：傳統(tǒng)的連續(xù)介質(zhì)模型、等效連續(xù)模型和離散裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。連續(xù)介質(zhì)模型忽視了裂縫和基質(zhì)巖塊的復(fù)雜分布,將基巖和裂縫看作連續(xù)介質(zhì)來(lái)近似處理,適合于微裂縫非常發(fā)育的裂縫性儲(chǔ)層；等效連續(xù)模型將復(fù)雜的裂縫性儲(chǔ)層等效轉(zhuǎn)換為滲透率各向異性的連續(xù)介質(zhì)體,適合于裂縫密集發(fā)育的大范圍巖體滲流,但是對(duì)于非均質(zhì)性強(qiáng)、尺度變化大的裂縫性儲(chǔ)層,其等效滲透率張量計(jì)算和表征單元體的判定存在困難；而離散裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型考慮了各條裂縫間分布特征和屬性參數(shù)的差異,能夠較為準(zhǔn)確地描述裂縫性儲(chǔ)層復(fù)雜介質(zhì)分布和滲流規(guī)律,逐漸成為近年來(lái)研究的重點(diǎn)。 對(duì)于偏微分方程的數(shù)值解法,有限差分法占有絕對(duì)的主導(dǎo)地位。有限差分方法作為一種直接的物理近似,理論簡(jiǎn)單、物理意義明確,但是網(wǎng)格取向性嚴(yán)重、復(fù)雜邊界考慮困難、求解精度低等缺點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致其在裂縫性油藏?cái)?shù)值模擬中的應(yīng)用推廣受到制約；有限元方法采用積分“弱”形式處理偏微分方程,計(jì)算精度高,且易于處理復(fù)雜邊界；而有限體積方法滿足天然的局部物質(zhì)守恒,避免數(shù)值震蕩。將有限元和有限體積方法結(jié)合起來(lái)建立流動(dòng)方程的數(shù)值計(jì)算格式優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。 因此,針對(duì)存在天然大裂縫的強(qiáng)非均質(zhì)性、多變化尺度裂縫性儲(chǔ)層,本文基于離散裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,采用結(jié)合有限元-有限體積方法進(jìn)行求解。圍繞此主題開(kāi)展了以下工作： (1)基于物質(zhì)平衡原理,結(jié)合運(yùn)動(dòng)方程、連續(xù)性方程和狀態(tài)方程,推導(dǎo)了油-水兩相不混溶、微可壓縮流體流動(dòng)滲流數(shù)學(xué)方程； (2)利用解耦算法將滲流數(shù)學(xué)方程分解為壓力方程和飽和度方程�；诜墙Y(jié)構(gòu)化網(wǎng)格,采用Galerk.in有限元方法處理壓力方程,采用節(jié)點(diǎn)中心有限體積方法處理飽和度方程,建立了滲流數(shù)學(xué)方程的數(shù)值計(jì)算格式； (3)采用IMPES方法對(duì)滲流方程數(shù)值計(jì)算格式進(jìn)行求解,并編制了裂縫性油藏有限元-有限體積法數(shù)值模擬器； (4)應(yīng)用有限元-有限體積法數(shù)值模擬器對(duì)裂縫性油藏注水開(kāi)發(fā)動(dòng)態(tài)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究,通過(guò)單條裂縫直線流動(dòng)、復(fù)雜裂縫系統(tǒng)理論算例和礦場(chǎng)實(shí)例計(jì)算,驗(yàn)證了本文方法的正確性。 研究表明：裂縫性油藏注水開(kāi)發(fā)水驅(qū)前緣的推進(jìn)速度及方向,受裂縫走向控制,即注入水沿著裂縫延伸方向迅速竄進(jìn),與均質(zhì)油藏相比,裂縫性油藏注水驅(qū)前緣突破時(shí)間早,含水率上升快,并且在裂縫系統(tǒng)兩側(cè)存在剩余油富集區(qū)。
[Abstract]:The fractured reservoir is rich in resources and has a very broad prospect of development. However, due to the variety of media types, large scale change, strong heterogeneity and complex flow pattern, the fractured reservoir has a large number of media types. The flow law and numerical simulation of fractured reservoir have become the hot and difficult point of current research. At present, the theory of percolation model of fractured reservoir is divided into three main categories: the traditional continuum medium model. Equivalent continuum model and discrete fracture network model. The continuum model neglects the complex distribution of fractures and matrix blocks, and treats bedrock and fracture as continuous media, which is suitable for fractured reservoirs with very developed microfractures. The equivalent continuum model converts the complex fractured reservoir into a continuum body with permeability anisotropy, which is suitable for a large range of rock mass seepage with dense fractures, but for a fractured reservoir with strong heterogeneity and large scale change. It is difficult to calculate and characterize the unit body by Zhang Liang, and the discrete fracture network model takes into account the differences of the distribution characteristics and attribute parameters of each fracture. It has gradually become the focus of research in recent years to describe the distribution of complex media and the percolation law of fractured reservoirs accurately. For the numerical solution of partial differential equations, the finite difference method plays an absolute dominant role. As a direct physical approximation, the finite difference method is simple in theory and clear in physical meaning, but it has a serious mesh orientation. It is difficult to consider the complex boundary, and its application in the numerical simulation of fractured reservoir is restricted because of its disadvantages such as difficulty in considering the complex boundary, low precision in solving the problem, and the finite element method (FEM) is used to deal with partial differential equations in the form of integral "weak", which has high accuracy. The finite volume method satisfies the conservation of natural local matter and avoids numerical oscillations. The finite element method and the finite volume method are combined to establish the numerical calculation scheme of the flow equation. Therefore, in view of the strong heterogeneity and multi-scale fractured reservoirs with large natural fractures, this paper uses the finite element finite volume method to solve the problem based on the discrete fracture network model. 1) based on the principle of material balance, combined with motion equation, continuity equation and state equation, the mathematical equation of fluid flow in oil-water phase is derived. The seepage mathematical equation is decomposed into pressure equation and saturation equation by decoupling algorithm. Based on unstructured grid, pressure equation is treated by Galerk.in finite element method, saturation equation is treated by node center finite volume method. The numerical calculation scheme of seepage mathematical equation is established. (3) the IMPES method is used to solve the seepage equation and a finite volume finite volume numerical simulator is developed for the fractured reservoir. In this paper, the finite element finite volume method is used to simulate the waterflooding development performance of fractured reservoir, and the theoretical examples of complex fracture system and field examples are used to calculate the flow of single fracture. The correctness of this method is verified. The results show that the advance speed and direction of water flooding in fractured reservoirs are controlled by fracture strike, that is, the injection water flows rapidly along the extended direction of fractures. Compared with homogeneous reservoirs, the breakthrough time of water flooding front in fractured reservoirs is earlier than that in homogeneous reservoirs. The water cut increases rapidly and there are residual oil accumulation areas on both sides of the fracture system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE357.6

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