本文選題：氣體鉆井　切入點：井口裝置　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著氣體鉆井的不斷發(fā)展,在各大油氣得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,氣體鉆井技術(shù)對保護油氣層和提高鉆速的優(yōu)點很明顯,但其中存在的高速氣流攜帶巖屑沖蝕井口裝置的問題不受重視。在高壓高產(chǎn)氣井鉆井過程中,氣流攜帶巖屑沖蝕磨損井口裝置,造成井口裝置的穿刺失效,可能造成重大的人員傷亡和不可挽回的經(jīng)濟損失,嚴重危害了現(xiàn)場施工的人員安全和環(huán)境問題。 本文基于FLUENT計算流體力學(xué)軟件,針對氣體鉆井過程中高速氣流攜帶巖屑對井口裝置中的排砂管線和多功能四通造成的沖蝕問題,建立對應(yīng)的沖蝕模型,并對其沖蝕機理進行了較為全面的研究。本文從以下幾個方面對井口裝置中的排砂管線和多功能四通進行了沖蝕分析。 (1)從排砂管線的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和工況參數(shù)著手,模擬分析了排砂管線在不同彎徑比、不同彎角、不同管徑下的沖蝕情況,研究表明隨著彎徑比、彎角和管徑的增大,其沖蝕率隨之降低；模擬分析了排砂管線在不同氣體流量、不同巖屑速度、不同巖屑粒徑等工況參數(shù)下的沖蝕情況,研究表明隨著氣體流量、巖屑速度和巖屑直徑的增加,其沖蝕速率也隨之增大。 (2)在某氣井鉆井過程中進行了排砂管線現(xiàn)場掛片實驗,實驗分析了巖屑顆粒沖蝕排砂管線的特點。 (3)數(shù)值分析了多功能四通在不同氣體流量、巖屑流量和巖屑粒徑等工況參數(shù)條件下的沖蝕情況,研究表明隨流量和直徑等因素的增加,沖蝕速率也隨之增大；數(shù)值分析了不同旁通出口壓力和不同旁通出口直徑下的沖蝕,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著壓力和直徑的增加,其沖蝕速率隨之變小。 (4)根據(jù)對排砂管線和多功能四通沖蝕機理的數(shù)值分析,提出了對排砂管線和多功能四通的優(yōu)化設(shè)計,并模擬分析了優(yōu)化設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)的防沖蝕原理。 根據(jù)模擬結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知,在現(xiàn)場實際工程中,在實際條件允許的條件下,應(yīng)減少排砂管線的彎頭數(shù),采用較大口徑、較大彎徑比的排砂管線；選用旁通出口直徑較大的多功能四通,同時在其出口加一定的回壓,降低其沖蝕速率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of gas drilling, gas drilling technology has been widely used in various oil and gas, the advantages of gas drilling technology to protect oil and gas reservoirs and improve drilling speed are obvious. However, the problem of high speed airflow carrying cuttings is not paid much attention to. In the drilling process of high pressure and high production gas wells, the air carried cuttings erode and wear the wellhead devices, which results in the puncture failure of the wellhead devices. It may cause heavy casualties and irreparable economic losses, and seriously endanger the safety of personnel and environmental problems. In this paper, based on FLUENT computational fluid dynamics software, a corresponding erosion model is established in view of the erosion problem caused by high speed airflow carrying cuttings to the sand discharge pipeline and multifunction four-way in the wellhead device during gas drilling. In this paper, the erosion of sand discharge pipeline and multi-function four-way in the wellhead device are analyzed from the following aspects. 1) the erosion of sand discharge pipeline under different bending diameter ratio, different bend angle and different pipe diameter is simulated and analyzed from the structure parameters and working condition parameters. The results show that with the increase of bending diameter ratio, bend angle and pipe diameter, the erosion of sand discharge pipeline under different bending diameter ratio, different bend angle and different pipe diameter is simulated and analyzed. The erosion rate of sand discharge pipeline is reduced, and the erosion conditions of sand discharge pipeline under different working conditions such as gas flow rate, different cuttings velocity and different cuttings diameter are simulated and analyzed. The results show that with the increase of gas flow rate, cuttings velocity and cuttings diameter, The erosion rate also increases. (2) during the drilling process of a gas well, the field hanging experiment of sand discharge pipeline is carried out, and the characteristics of cuttings grain erosion and sand drainage pipeline are analyzed experimentally. (3) the erosion rate of multi-function four-way system under the conditions of different gas flow rate, cuttings flow rate and cuttings diameter is analyzed numerically. The results show that the erosion rate increases with the increase of flow rate and diameter. The erosion rate of different bypass outlet pressure and diameter is analyzed numerically. It is found that the erosion rate decreases with the increase of pressure and diameter. 4) based on the numerical analysis of the erosion mechanism of sand discharge pipeline and multi-function four-way, the optimum design of sand discharge pipeline and multi-function four-way is put forward, and the anti-erosion principle of the optimized design structure is simulated and analyzed. According to the analysis of simulated structure, in the field engineering, under the condition of actual condition, the number of sand discharge pipe should be reduced, and the sand discharge pipeline with larger diameter and bigger ratio of bending diameter should be adopted. The multi-function four-way with larger diameter of bypass outlet is selected, and at the same time, the erosion rate is reduced by adding a certain back pressure to the outlet.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE242.9

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