本文選題：縫洞型油藏　切入點：注氣驅(qū)油　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：碳酸鹽巖縫洞型油藏在全世界油氣資源儲量中占據(jù)重要地位,具有規(guī)模大、儲量大、儲層非均質(zhì)性強(qiáng)等特點,在國內(nèi)外均屬難開采油藏,無論從理論方面還是實踐方面,此類油藏的勘探開發(fā)技術(shù)都處于探索階段,而現(xiàn)有的研究工作還不能滿足這類油藏的開發(fā)需要。本文以研究縫洞型油藏在水驅(qū)失效后進(jìn)行注氣驅(qū)油的適應(yīng)性為目的,通過流體相態(tài)特征實驗、可視化模型實驗和全直徑巖心實驗等多種研究手段對縫洞型油藏注氣驅(qū)油機(jī)理進(jìn)行了研究認(rèn)識。 以典型的碳酸鹽巖油藏——塔河4區(qū)S48單元為例,S48單元在前期生產(chǎn)中主要采用注水開發(fā)方式進(jìn)行開采,但注水開發(fā)效果正逐年變差,在縫洞體構(gòu)造高部位存在大量剩余油,需要轉(zhuǎn)變開發(fā)方式。本次論文研究分別從注入氣增溶降黏能力、重力分異作用、地層能量分布和縫洞結(jié)構(gòu)條件等四個方面對S48單元注氣驅(qū)油的作用機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析。在流體相態(tài)特征實驗中對S48單元地層流體進(jìn)行了分析,得知地層油樣為高含重質(zhì)組分的黑油,認(rèn)識N2、CO2、天然氣三種不同注入氣對地層油樣的增溶、降黏和抽提性能的具體差異。在高溫高壓全直徑巖心實驗中采用了水驅(qū)—?dú)怛?qū)—水驅(qū)的方式進(jìn)行研究,通過實驗進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識到以上三種氣體的增溶降黏性能差異對稠油采驅(qū)效果的具體影響；然后進(jìn)行了模型通道封堵和巖心夾持器傾角改變的對比實驗,認(rèn)識到縫洞型油藏注氣驅(qū)油對“閣樓油”的驅(qū)油機(jī)理以重力分異作用為主。有機(jī)玻璃可視化模型實驗同樣采用水驅(qū)—?dú)怛?qū)—水驅(qū)方式進(jìn)行研究,通過對實驗流程的直接觀察,對縫洞儲集體高低分布、開口方向、開口數(shù)量以及所連接裂縫的縫寬、發(fā)育方向等方面對注氣驅(qū)油作用機(jī)理的影響取得了更為深刻直觀的認(rèn)識。 通過深入研究得出結(jié)論：縫洞型油藏注水開發(fā)失效后,采用注氣驅(qū)油措施可以有效動用水驅(qū)未波及的“閣樓油”,重力分異為主要?dú)怛?qū)作用機(jī)理,增溶、降黏和抽提等機(jī)理影響相對較小,且井間縫洞結(jié)構(gòu)對流體流動路徑的具有一定影響。論文成果對縫洞型油藏注氣開發(fā)技術(shù)的發(fā)展具有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:Carbonate fractured and cavernous reservoirs occupy an important position in the world's oil and gas reserves, and have the characteristics of large scale, large reserves and strong heterogeneity of reservoirs. They are difficult to be exploited both at home and abroad, both in theory and in practice. The exploration and development technology of this kind of reservoir is in the stage of exploration, but the existing research work can not meet the development needs of this kind of reservoir. This paper aims to study the adaptability of gas injection and oil displacement after the failure of water flooding. The mechanism of gas injection and oil displacement in fractured reservoir is studied by means of fluid phase characteristic experiment, visual model experiment and full-diameter core experiment. Taking S48 unit of typical carbonate reservoir-Tahe area 4 as an example, water injection development is mainly used in the early production of unit S48, but the effect of water injection development is becoming worse year by year, and there are a lot of remaining oil in the high structural part of fracture and cavern body. It is necessary to change the development mode. In this paper, we studied the effects of injection gas on solubilization and viscosity reduction, gravity differentiation, The mechanism of gas flooding in unit S48 is analyzed from four aspects, namely, the distribution of formation energy and the structural conditions of fracture and cavity. In the experiment of fluid phase behavior, the formation fluid of unit S48 is analyzed, and it is found that the formation oil sample is black oil with high content of heavy components. It is recognized that the solubilization, viscosity reduction and extraction performance of three kinds of natural gas injected with N _ 2C _ 2CO _ 2 and N _ 2CO _ 2 are different from each other. In the high-temperature and high-pressure full-diameter core experiment, the water-gas driving-water drive method is used to study. Through the experiments, it is further recognized that the difference of solubilization and viscosity performance of the above three gases has a specific effect on the heavy oil flooding efficiency, and then a comparative experiment is carried out on the model channel plugging and the change of the core holder inclination angle. It is recognized that the mechanism of gas-flooding in fracture-cavity reservoirs is mainly due to the effect of gravity differentiation on loft oil. The visual model experiment of organic glass is also studied by water-gas-water-drive mode, and through the direct observation of the experimental process, The effects of high and low distribution of reservoir mass, opening direction, number of openings, fracture width and development direction of the connected fractures on the mechanism of gas injection and oil displacement have been obtained more intuitively. Through in-depth study, it is concluded that gas injection and oil flooding can effectively produce loft oil which has not been affected by water flooding, and gravity differentiation is the main mechanism of gas drive and solubilization. The mechanism of viscosity reduction and extraction is relatively small, and the structure of interwell fracture and cavity has a certain influence on the flow path of fluid. The results of this paper have some reference value for the development of gas injection technology in fracture-cavity reservoirs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.7

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