本文選題：超音速分離　切入點：凝結(jié)成核　出處：《西南石油大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：天然氣中通常含有飽和水和重烴組分,在集輸過程中容易凝結(jié)為液體,造成設(shè)備管線、閥門的堵塞,特別是在有酸性氣體存在時還會發(fā)生腐蝕,因此脫除天然氣中的水和重烴是集輸過程中一個必要環(huán)節(jié)。常規(guī)天然氣脫水脫烴方法普遍存在設(shè)備龐大、投資和操作費用高、再生能耗高、造成環(huán)境污染等缺點,同時在沙漠、海洋平臺等邊遠分散地方難以應(yīng)用,超音速旋流分離技術(shù)因具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、無人值守、節(jié)約成本和環(huán)境友好等優(yōu)勢而具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。 本論文根據(jù)某原料氣氣質(zhì)條件,在實驗室前期研究的基礎(chǔ)上,采用較先進的超音速分離器結(jié)構(gòu),建立了超音速旋流分離器三維物理模型。通過引入自發(fā)凝結(jié)模型和湍流模型,在考慮氣液相耦合的情況下建立了多組分混合物的凝結(jié)過程數(shù)值模型,在此基礎(chǔ)上進行合理的網(wǎng)格劃分和求解算法選擇,采用CFD數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)研究了超音速噴管內(nèi)流場分布和凝結(jié)參數(shù)(如過冷度、成核率、過飽和度等)的變化情況,結(jié)果表明凝結(jié)過程有利于流場的穩(wěn)定,氣體分子在過冷度和過飽和度達到最大時開始聚集并發(fā)生凝結(jié)；同時對超音速噴管中的溫度壓力特性進行了分析,獲得了在入口溫度和壓力變化時相關(guān)凝結(jié)參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律,分析表明可通過適當降低入口壓力和提高入口溫度來促進非平衡凝結(jié)過程。 根據(jù)超音速噴管內(nèi)的凝結(jié)規(guī)律,在超音速分離器連續(xù)相流場的基礎(chǔ)上,利用離散相模型模擬得到了液滴在分離器內(nèi)的三種運動軌跡及離散相參數(shù)的分布,表明大多數(shù)液滴能被分離出去。同時分析了不同液滴參數(shù)、導(dǎo)流葉片數(shù)量對分離效率的影響,結(jié)果表明液滴直徑和葉片數(shù)對分離效率影響顯著,隨著液滴直徑和葉片數(shù)的增加,液滴所受離心力增加,分離效率也相應(yīng)增加。對離開超音速分離器的干氣露點分析表明所給的超音速分離器結(jié)構(gòu)脫水性能良好,能夠滿足國內(nèi)大多數(shù)氣田開發(fā)的需要。
[Abstract]:Natural gas usually contains saturated water and heavy hydrocarbon components, which are easily condensed into liquids during gathering and transportation, resulting in blockage of equipment, pipelines and valves, especially when acidic gases are present. Therefore, removing water and heavy hydrocarbon from natural gas is a necessary link in the process of gathering and transportation. Conventional natural gas dehydration and dehydrocarbon-removal methods generally have many disadvantages, such as huge equipment, high investment and operation cost, high energy consumption for regeneration, environmental pollution, and so on. At the same time, in the desert, Offshore platforms and other remote dispersed areas are difficult to apply. Supersonic swirl separation technology has a broad application prospect because of its advantages of compact structure, unattended, cost saving and environmental friendliness. In this paper, according to the condition of the gas quality of a certain raw gas, on the basis of the previous research in the laboratory, a three dimensional physical model of the supersonic swirl separator is established by adopting the advanced supersonic separator structure. The spontaneous condensation model and the turbulence model are introduced. A numerical model for the condensation process of multicomponent mixtures is established considering the gas-liquid phase coupling. On the basis of this, reasonable mesh generation and algorithm selection are carried out. The variation of flow field distribution and condensation parameters (such as undercooling, nucleation rate, supersaturation, etc.) in supersonic nozzle is studied by using CFD numerical simulation technique. The results show that the condensation process is beneficial to the stability of the flow field. At the same time, the temperature and pressure characteristics of the supersonic nozzle are analyzed, and the change rules of the condensation parameters are obtained when the inlet temperature and pressure change. The analysis shows that the non-equilibrium condensation process can be promoted by lowering the inlet pressure and increasing the inlet temperature. According to the condensation law in supersonic nozzle, on the basis of continuous phase flow field of supersonic separator, the discrete phase model is used to simulate three kinds of droplet motion trajectories and the distribution of discrete phase parameters in the separator. The results show that most of the droplets can be separated, and the influence of the parameters of the droplets and the number of the flow guide blades on the separation efficiency is analyzed. The results show that the diameter of the droplets and the number of the blades have a significant effect on the separation efficiency, and with the increase of the droplet diameter and the number of the blades, The analysis of the dry gas dew point from the supersonic separator shows that the structure of the supersonic separator has good dehydration performance and can meet the needs of most gas fields in China.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE642

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